Nutritional diagnoses in people with type 2 diabetes: association with metabolic, anthropometric, and dietary parameters.

Background: Nutritional diagnosis involves identifying a nutritional problem, its cause, and the signs that indicate it to guide appropriate treatment. Few studies report on the most prevalent nutritional diagnoses in people living with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To define nutritional diagnoses across different domains and their association with metabolic, anthropometric, and dietary parameters in individuals with T2D.

Trust in government moderates the association between fear of COVID-19 as well as empathic concern and preventive behaviour.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural scientists aimed to illuminate reasons why people comply with (or not) large-scale cooperative activities. Here we investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviours would be moderated by trust in the government.

High-throughput screening for aroma production in food fermentations.

A microtiter plate (MTP) method was developed to screen 1064 unique microorganisms-substrate fermentations for production of 68 target aroma compounds. Based on the number of hits identified by GC-MS, 50 fermentations were repeated at 50-mL scale in flasks. Comparison of GC-MS data showed that scaling up from MTP to flask did not generally result in large differences between the volatile profiles, even with a wide variety of substrates (juice, food slurry and food side-streams) and microorganisms (yeast, bacteria and fungi) used.

Growing crystals and studying structure and electronic properties of CuZnGe(SSe) compositions.

Single crystals of CuZnGeSe and CuZnGeS solid solutions were developed and successfully obtained using the chemical vapor transfer method, with iodine acting as a transporter. The structure, compositional dependences of lattice parameters, pycnometric and X-ray densities and microhardness were determined. The chemical composition determined by the X-ray microanalysis satisfactorily corresponds to the nominal one with a tolerance of ±5 %.

The Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: Cross-national measurement invariance and convergent validity evidence.

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries ( = 21,513), we examined the CAS's measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries.

Individual and contextual predictors of young Ukrainian adults' subjective well-being during the Russian-Ukrainian war.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine is accompanied by horrific losses among civilians. This study investigates various individual (hope, optimism, resilience, post-traumatic growth, and coping strategies) and contextual predictors (experience of life under occupation, actively hostile home environment, and frequent moves) of subjective well-being among the youth living in Ukraine. A total sample of 593 students from several universities participated in the study using surveys that contained questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life satisfaction, hope, optimism, personal post-traumatic growth, resilience, and coping strategies.

Flavor-protein interactions for four plant proteins with ketones and esters.

The interaction between flavors and proteins results in a reduced headspace concentration of the flavor, affecting flavor perception. We analyzed the retention of a series of esters and ketones with different chain lengths (C4, C6, C8, and C10) by protein isolates of yellow pea, soy, fava bean, and chickpea, with whey as a reference. An increase in protein concentration led to a decrease in flavor compound in the headspace as measured with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (APCI-TOF-MS).

Joint effects of gamma radiation and zinc on duckweed Lemna minor L.

When assessing the consequences of combined chemical and radiation pollution on bodies of water, it is important to take into account the interaction of different factors, especially the possible synergistic increase in the toxic effect on growth, biochemical and physiological processes of living organisms. In this work, we studied the combined effect of γ-radiation and zinc on freshwater duckweed Lemna minor L. Irradiated plants (doses were 18, 42, and 63 Gy) were placed on a medium with an excess of zinc (3.

Targeted lactate dehydrogenase genes silencing in probiotic lactic acid bacteria: A possible paradigm shift in colorectal cancer treatment?

Even though the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) is complicated and poorly understood, interactions between risk factors appear to be key in the development and progression of the malignancy. The popularity of using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prebiotics and probiotics to modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) has grown widely over the past decade. The objective of this study was therefore to determine the detrimental effects of LAB-derived lactic acid in the colonic mucosa in colorectal cancer management.

Controlling the formation of halogenated byproducts in the chlorination of source waters by oxidative pre-treatment with the Fe(II)/Fe(III)-S(IV)-air system.

Breakpoint chlorination is a generally accepted method for removing ammonium ion from source waters in drinking water treatment technologies. This process is often accompanied by the formation of halogenated organic byproducts. The presence of these compounds in potable water is of primary concern.

Non-linear rheology reveals the importance of elasticity in meat and meat analogues.

The interest in plant-based meat analogues as an alternative to meat is currently growing. Rheological benchmarking is used to reveal how closely meat analogues resemble the original meat products. Texture maps and dissipation colour schemes were used to reveal similarities in and differences between rheological responses of meat and meat analogues (especially chicken analogues).

Combined action of gamma radiation and exposure to copper ions on L.

Purpose: Under natural conditions, the reaction of living organisms to the action of acute gamma radiation depends on other stressors, including heavy metals. The aim of this work was to study changes in morphometric parameters, the content of photoassimilation pigments and the level of oxidative stress in irradiated duckweed at various copper concentrations in the culture medium.

Materials And Methods: As a model organism, we used L.

Does Physical Activity Matter for the Mental Health of University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Research indicates that university and college students are at higher risk of experiencing mental health problems than other populations. This study aims to examine the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and the mental health of Ukrainian university students during the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown. The conventional sample consisted of 1512 students from 11 Ukrainian universities, with a mean age of 20 years (M = 20.

Dynamic flavor release from chewing gum: Mechanisms of release.

Dynamic flavor release curves from chewing gum were measured using an Artificial Mouth coupled to the AFFIRM®. A flavor distribution model for chewing gum is proposed, where flavor is present as droplets in both the hydrophilic (water-soluble) and the hydrophobic (water insoluble) parts of the chewing gum and as molecularly dissolved in the hydrophobic part of the gum. During mastication, the flavor droplets in the water-soluble phase are released and responsible for an initial burst release.

Magnetotransport and conductivity mechanisms in CuZnSnGeS single crystals.

Resistivity, ρ(T), and magnetoresistance (MR) are investigated in the CuZnSnGeS single crystals, obtained by the chemical vapor transport method, between x = 0-0.70, in the temperature range of T ~ 50-300 K in pulsed magnetic field of B up to 20 T. The Mott variable-range hopping (VRH) conductivity is observed within broad temperature intervals, lying inside that of T ~ 80-180 K for different x.

Auto-inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) by an isoform-specific motif in the carboxyl-terminal region.

Trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms show markedly distinct regulatory properties that have not been fully explored. AC9 is highly expressed in vital organs such as the heart and the brain. Here, we report that the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal domain (C2b) of AC9 inhibits the activation of the enzyme by Gs-coupled receptors (GsCR).

A predictive model for flavor partitioning and protein-flavor interactions in fat-free dairy protein solutions.

Flavor perception is directly related to the concentration of aroma compounds in the headspace above a food matrix before and during consumption. With the knowledge of flavor partition coefficients, the distribution of aroma compounds within the food matrix and towards the headspace can be calculated. In this study static headspace measurements and modelling are combined to predict flavor partitioning of a wide range of flavor compounds above fat-free dairy protein mixture solutions.

RF Electromagnetic Field Treatment of Tetragonal Kesterite CZTSSe Light Absorbers.

In this work, we propose a method to improve electro-optical and structural parameters of light-absorbing kesterite materials. It relies on the application of weak power hydrogen plasma discharges using electromagnetic field of radio frequency range, which improves homogeneity of the samples. The method allows to reduce strain of light absorbers and is suitable for designing solar cells based on multilayered thin film structures.

Cyclophilin D regulates lifespan and protein expression of aging markers in the brain of mice.

Cyclophilin D (cypD) modulates the properties of the permeability transition pore, a phenomenon implicated in the manifestation of many diseases including aging. Here, we examined the effects of partial or complete deletion of cypD on i) lifespan, ii) forebrain protein expression of 18 aging markers as well as regional expression of GFAP, mGluR1, and alpha-synuclein, and iii) behaviour of aged (>24month) male and female mice. Both male and female cypD heterozygous but not KO mice exhibited increased lifespans compared to WT littermates, associated with alterations in the protein expression of some markers, albeit without exhibiting changes in behaviour.

Hopping magnetotransport of the band-gap tuning Cu2Zn(Sn x Ge1-x )Se4 crystals.

Resistivity, ρ(T, x), of Cu2Zn(Sn x Ge1-x )Se4 (CZTGeSe) single crystals with x  =  0-1, investigated at temperatures between T ~ 10-320 K, exhibits an activated character within the whole temperature range, attaining a minimum at x  =  0.47. Magnetoresistance (MR) of CZTGeSe with x  =  0.

Fermi resonance in the phonon spectra of quaternary chalcogenides of the type Cu2ZnGeS4.

The experimental resonant and non-resonant Raman scattering spectra of the kesterite structural modification of Cu2ZnGeS4 single crystals are reported. The results are compared with those calculated theoretically within the density functional perturbation theory. For the majority of lines a good agreement (within 2-5 cm(-1)) is established between experimental and calculated mode frequencies.

Polarized Raman scattering study of kesterite type Cu2ZnSnS4 single crystals.

A non-destructive Raman spectroscopy has been widely used as a complimentary method to X-ray diffraction characterization of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films, yet our knowledge of the Raman active fundamental modes in this material is far from complete. Focusing on polarized Raman spectroscopy provides important information about the relationship between Raman modes and CZTS crystal structure. In this framework the zone-center optical phonons of CZTS, which is most usually examined in active layers of the CZTS based solar cells, are studied by polarized resonant and non-resonant Raman spectroscopy in the range from 60 to 500 cm(-1) on an oriented single crystal.

Novel Methodology for Measuring Temperature-Dependent Henry's Constants of Flavor Molecules.

A new methodology is presented to measure water-air partition coefficients (Henry's constants) of volatiles, using APCI-MS. Significant advantages over other Henry's constant determination methods include the short measurement and sample preparation time and the possibility for simultaneous measurement of multiple volatiles. The methodology is validated by obtaining good agreement with reliable literature values for a series of 2-ketones.

Thalamic neuropeptide mediating the effects of nursing on lactation and maternal motivation.

Nursing has important physiological and psychological consequences on mothers during the postpartum period. Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) may contribute to its effects on prolactin release and maternal motivation. Since TIP39-containing fibers and the receptor for TIP39, the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2 receptor) are abundant in the arcuate nucleus and the medial preoptic area, we antagonized TIP39 action locally to reveal its actions.

The CB1 receptor mediates the peripheral effects of ghrelin on AMPK activity but not on growth hormone release.

This study aimed to investigate whether the growth hormone release and metabolic effects of ghrelin on AMPK activity of peripheral tissues are mediated by cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and the central nervous system. CB1-knockout (KO) and/or wild-type mice were injected peripherally or intracerebroventricularly with ghrelin and CB1 antagonist rimonabant to study tissue AMPK activity and gene expression (transcription factors SREBP1c, transmembrane protein FAS, enzyme PEPCK, and protein HSL). Growth hormone levels were studied both in vivo and in vitro.