Front-back asymmetries in endogenous auditory spatial attention.

Research on endogenous auditory spatial attention typically uses headphones or sounds in the frontal hemispace, which undersamples panoramic spatial hearing. Crossmodal attention studies also show that visual information impacts spatial hearing and attention. Given the overlap between vision and audition in frontal space, we tested the hypothesis that the distribution of endogenous auditory spatial attention would differ when attending to the front versus back hemispace.

Chromosome-level reference genome for the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis.

The Jonah crab, Cancer borealis, is integral to marine ecosystems and supports a rapidly growing commercial fishery in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. This species also has a long history as a model for neuroscience that has expanded our understanding of central pattern generators, neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, and the connectivity of neural circuits. Here, we present a highly contiguous reference genome for the Jonah crab that will provide an essential resource to advance fisheries, conservation, and biomedical research.

Effect of Lighting Methods on the Production, Behavior and Meat Quality Parameters of Broiler Chickens.

Many farms have been replacing traditional lighting sources with light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs because of technological modernization. We aimed to investigate the effects of incandescent lighting (IL) and LED lighting on Cobb 500 broiler chickens for six weeks. Production parameters (body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio), calculated slaughter values (yield%, relative breast%, thigh%) and breast meat quality parameters (pH at 45 min and 24 h postmortem, color, drip loss, kitchen equipment losses, shear force, meat composition) were recorded.

Perspectives on Genetically Engineered Microorganisms and Their Regulation in the United States.

Genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) represent a new paradigm in our ability to address the needs of a growing, changing world. GEMs are being used in agriculture, food production and additives, manufacturing, commodity and noncommodity products, environmental remediation, etc., with even more applications in the pipeline.

Accessing Z-Enynes via Cobalt-Catalyzed Propargylic Dehydrogenation.

Alkenes constitute an enabling motif in organic synthesis, as they can be functionalized to form highly substituted molecules. Z-alkenes are generally challenging to access due to the thermodynamic preference for the formation of E-alkenes compared to Z-alkenes. Dehydrogenation methodologies to selectively form Z-alkenes have not yet been reported.

Genomic signatures of exceptional longevity and negligible aging in the long-lived red sea urchin.

The red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) is one of the Earth's longest-living animals, reported to live more than 100 years with indeterminate growth, life-long reproduction, and no increase in mortality rate with age. To understand the genetic underpinnings of longevity and negligible aging, we constructed a chromosome-level assembly of the red sea urchin genome and compared it to that of short-lived sea urchin species. Genome-wide syntenic alignments identified chromosome rearrangements that distinguish short- and long-lived species.

Comprehensive Mechanistic Analysis of Palladium- and Nickel-Catalyzed α,β-Dehydrogenation of Carbonyls via Organozinc Intermediates.

Introducing degrees of unsaturation into small molecules is a central transformation in organic synthesis. A strategically useful category of this reaction type is the conversion of alkanes into alkenes for substrates with an adjacent electron-withdrawing group. An efficient strategy for this conversion has been deprotonation to form a stabilized organozinc intermediate that can be subjected to α,β-dehydrogenation through palladium or nickel catalysis.

Seasonal Effects on the Performance of Finishing Pigs' Carcass and Meat Quality in Indoor Environments.

Most retailers in EU countries pay pig breeders for their animals' lean meat percentage, which does not align fully with measures of pork quality (such as colour). In this study, we investigated the effects of season (summer vs. autumn) on finishing pigs' performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality parameters in 24 slaughter pigs.

MicroRNA-19 is regulated by aldosterone in a sex-specific manner to alter kidney sodium transport.

A key regulator of blood pressure homeostasis is the steroid hormone aldosterone, which is released as the final signaling hormone of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-signaling (RAAS) system. Aldosterone increases sodium (Na) reabsorption in the kidney distal nephron to regulate blood volume. Unregulated RAAS signaling can lead to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

Use of intravenous buprenorphine microdosing to initiate medication for opioid use disorder in a patient with co-occurring pain: case report.

Introduction: Buprenorphine is used to treat opioid use disorder (OUD). However, therapy is often disrupted during acute pain episodes, and re-initiation is often deferred due to intolerable interruption in opioid analgesics. This case report describes a unique strategy for inducing buprenorphine without stopping opioid analgesics.

A Proline-Squaraine Ligand Framework (Pro-SqEB) for Stereoselective Rhodium(II)-Catalyzed Cyclopropanations.

A proline-squaraine ligand (Pro-SqEB) that demonstrates high levels of stereoselectivity in olefin cyclopropanations when anchored to a Rh scaffold is introduced. High yields and enantioselectivities were achieved in the cyclopropanation of alkenes with diazo compounds in the presence of Rh(Pro-SqEB). Notably, the unique electronic and steric design of this catalyst enabled the use of polar solvents that are otherwise incompatible with most Rh complexes.

Sustainability and molecular biology: An interview with Dr. Andrea Bodnar.

Here, Molecular Cell has a discussion with Dr. Andrea Bodnar about GMGI and its various efforts to minimize harm through research and implementing sustainable practices and efforts made at the institutional level to train budding scientists with diverse scientific skills and eco-conscious mindsets.

Changes in Chemical Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Milk and Cheese and Sensory Profile of Milk via Supplementation of Goats' Diet with Marine Algae.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of the low level of marine algae (daily 5 g per animal) on the milk, cheese, and whey composition; fatty acid profile of milk and cheese; and the sensory profile of goat milk using an e-nose device. Thirty Alpine goats were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (C, = 15)-fed grass with daily 600 g concentrate and the experimental group (MA, = 15) who received the same forage and concentrate supplemented with 5 g/head/day marine algae. Animals were kept indoors and the investigation period lasted 52 days, including the first six weeks as the period of adaptation and the last 10 days as the treatment period.

Rapid Detection of DNA and RNA Shrimp Viruses Using CRISPR-Based Diagnostics.

Timely detection of persistent and emerging pathogens is critical to controlling disease spread, particularly in high-density populations with increased contact between individuals and limited-to-no ability to quarantine. Standard molecular diagnostic tests for surveying pathogenic microbes have provided the sensitivity needed for early detection, but lag in time-to-result leading to delayed action. On-site diagnostics alleviate this lag, but current technologies are less sensitive and adaptable than lab-based molecular methods.

Markov state modelling reveals heterogeneous drug-inhibition mechanism of Calmodulin.

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium sensor which binds and regulates a wide range of target-proteins. This implicitly enables the concentration of calcium to influence many downstream physiological responses, including muscle contraction, learning and depression. The antipsychotic drug trifluoperazine (TFP) is a known CaM inhibitor.

Development of an intravenous low-dose buprenorphine initiation protocol.

Background: Buprenorphine is a life-saving treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Low-dose initiation (LDI) is an emerging buprenorphine initiation strategy that circumvents barriers associated with standard initiation. This study aims to describe tolerability and completion of LDI using intravenous (IV) buprenorphine and to define dosing protocols in a cohort of patients hospitalized in an urban academic hospital.

Chromatin accessibility and microRNA expression in nephron progenitor cells during kidney development.

Mammalian nephrons originate from a population of nephron progenitor cells, and changes in these cells' transcriptomes contribute to the cessation of nephrogenesis, an important determinant of nephron number. To characterize microRNA (miRNA) expression and identify putative cis-regulatory regions, we collected nephron progenitor cells from mouse kidneys at embryonic day 14.5 and postnatal day zero and assayed small RNA expression and transposase-accessible chromatin.

Opposing Effects of Chelidonine on Tyrosine and Serine Phosphorylation of STAT3 in Human Uveal Melanoma Cells.

STAT3 is a transcription factor that regulates various cellular processes with oncogenic potential, thereby promoting tumorigenesis when activated uncontrolled. STAT3 activation is mediated by its tyrosine phosphorylation, triggering dimerization and nuclear translocation. STAT3 also contains a serine phosphorylation site, with a postulated regulatory role in STAT3 activation and G2/M transition.

IL-15 -Presentation Is an Autonomous, Antigen-Independent Process.

IL-15 plays a pivotal role in the long-term survival of T cells and immunological memory. Its receptor consists of three subunits (IL-15Rα, IL-2/15Rβ, and γ). IL-15 functions mainly via -presentation (TP), during which an APC expressing IL-15 bound to IL-15Rα presents the ligand to the βγ receptor-heterodimer on a neighboring T/NK cell.

The American lobster genome reveals insights on longevity, neural, and immune adaptations.

The American lobster, , is integral to marine ecosystems and supports an important commercial fishery. This iconic species also serves as a valuable model for deciphering neural networks controlling rhythmic motor patterns and olfaction. Here, we report a high-quality draft assembly of the genome with 25,284 predicted gene models.

Evaluation of a Sepsis Alert in the Pediatric Acute Care Setting.

Background: Severe sepsis can cause significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients. Early recognition and treatment are vital to improving patient outcomes.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of a best practice alert in improving recognition of sepsis and timely treatment to improve mortality in the pediatric acute care setting.

Effect of Marine Algae Supplementation on Somatic Cell Count, Prevalence of Udder Pathogens, and Fatty Acid Profile of Dairy Goats' Milk.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the marine algae on the milk composition and fatty acid profile, somatic cell count, and prevalence of pathogen bacteria in the raw milk of multiparous Alpine goats. Twenty-eight dairy goats were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (C)-fed with 1500 g alfalfa hay and 600 g concentrate; experimental group (MA)-received the same forages and concentrate supplemented with 10 g/head/day marine algae. The goats were housed indoors, while the experiment lasted five weeks, and the milk samples were taken every week.