Developing nurse and midwife centred rostering principles using co-design: a mixed-methods study.

Background: Current nursing and midwifery rosters are based on guidelines which may no longer adequately meet the needs of health services or staff and often result in decreased job satisfaction, poor health and wellbeing, and high turnover. Little is known about the rostering needs and preferences of contemporary nurses and midwives in Australia. The aim of this study was to identify the rostering concerns, needs and preferences of nurses and midwives, and co-design acceptable, equitable and feasible rostering principles.

Psychosocial well-being and diabetes distress in the transition to motherhood among women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the associations between psychological well-being, measured with the Postnatal Well-being in Transition (PostTrans) Questionnaire, and diabetes distress among mothers with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Method: Eighty-two postnatal women completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey included the Diabetes Distress Scale, and the PostTrans Questionnaire to assess the psychosocial well-being of women transitioning to motherhood.

Comparison of venous and calculated blood gas values to arterial values in critically ill patients.

Background: Arterial blood gas (ABG) values are important in the assessment of critically ill patients. However, arterial puncture may be challenging to perform in these patients. The venous-to-arterial conversion method (v-TAC) is used to convert venous blood gas values to calculated values meant to resemble arterial values.

Detailed statistical analysis plan for a guided self-determination intervention versus an attention control for outpatients with type 2 diabetes in the randomised OVERCOME trial.

Background: Autonomy-supporting interventions may be a prerequisite to achieve better long-term management of type 2 diabetes. Evidence suggests that the guided self-determination (GSD) method might improve haemoglobin A1c and diabetes distress in people with type 1 diabetes. The evidence of an effect of a GSD intervention compared with an attention control group in adults with type 2 diabetes is unknown.

Hospital costs of COVID-19, post-COVID-19 condition and other viral pneumonias: a cost comparison analysis.

Objectives: To compare hospital admission costs for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases to hospital admission costs for other viral pneumonia cases in Australia, and to describe hospital admission costs for post-COVID-19 condition.

Design, Setting, Participants: A cost comparison analysis of hospital admissions due to COVID-19 or other viral pneumonias between 1 January 2020 and 30 June 2021 at Victorian public health acute and subacute services.

Main Outcome Measures: Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes (including diagnoses, impairment, subacute admission, intensive care unit admissions, ventilation, and length of stay) and cost data (including diagnostic-related groups, and total, direct and indirect costs).

Acute Care Nurses' Partnership With Patients to Recognise and Respond to Changes in Patients' Clinical States: A Qualitative Study.

Aim: To explore and describe acute care nurses' partnership with patients to recognise and respond to changes in patients' clinical states. Acute care nurses' decisions to partner with patients to recognise deterioration in clinical states and to respond by activating a rapid response system improves patient outcomes. Acutely unwell patients can also experience clinical changes that include improvement and deterioration that does not trigger rapid response system activation over the course of hospitalisation from illness and treatment.

Practice recommendations for culturally sensitive communication at the end of life in intensive care: A modified eDelphi study.

Background: Clinicians need specific knowledge and skills to effectively communicate with patients and their family when a patient is dying in the ICU. End-of-life communication is compounded by language differences and diverse cultural and religious beliefs.

Aim: The aim was to develop and evaluate practice recommendations for culturally sensitive communication at the end of life.

Lower or Higher Oxygenation Targets in Patients With COVID-19 in the ICU: A Secondary Bayesian Analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 Trial.

Background: In the Handling Oxygenation Targets in COVID-19 (HOT-COVID) trial, a Pao target of 60 mm Hg compared with 90 mm Hg resulted in more days alive without life support at 90 days in adults in the ICU with COVID-19 and hypoxemia. The trial was stopped after enrolling 726 of 780 planned patients because of slow recruitment. Herein, we present the preplanned Bayesian analysis of the HOT-COVID trial.

Acute care nurses' decisions to recognise and respond to patient improvement: A qualitative study.

Aim: To explore and describe acute care nurses' decisions to recognise and respond to improvement in patients' clinical states as they occurred in the real-world clinical environment.

Design: A descriptive study.

Methods: Nine medical and eleven surgical nurses in a large Australian metropolitan hospital were individually observed during nurse-patient interactions and followed up in interview to describe their reasoning and clinical judgements behind observed decisions.

Lower or higher oxygenation targets in the intensive care unit: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Purpose: Optimal oxygenation targets for patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (ICU) are not clearly defined due to substantial variability in design of previous trials. This study aimed to perform a pre-specified individual patient data meta-analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in the ICU (HOT-ICU) and the Handling Oxygenation Targets in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (HOT-COVID) trials to compare targeting a partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO) of 8-12 kPa in adult ICU patients, assessing both benefits and harms.

Methods: We assessed 90-day all-cause mortality and days alive without life support in 90 days using a generalised mixed model.

Parental leave and returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic: an exploratory mixed-methods study.

Objective This study explored the experiences, concerns and perceptions of hospital clinical staff returning to work after parental leave during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods An exploratory mixed-methods study was performed. Eligible staff employed at a large metropolitan tertiary health service in Melbourne, Australia, completed an ethics-approved anonymous online cross-sectional survey and/or participated in an interview between February and June 2021.

Danish citizens' perspectives on the preventive medication recommended after screen-detected cardiovascular disease: A qualitative study.

Background: The rationale for screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is debated as a prevention strategy. However, research shows that when preventive medication is initiated after screening for CVD, mortality rates decrease, especially among men. When implementing screening programmes, facilitating citizens' informed decisions and empowering their autonomy in the decision-making process are crucial.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Multitype Post-COVID Pain in a Cohort of Previously Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Danish Cross-Sectional Survey.

This population-based study investigated the prevalence of de novo, multitype, post-coronavirus disease (COVID) pain and its associated risk factors in previously hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. The nationwide, cross-sectional study included a cohort of Danish residents previously hospitalized due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection between March 2020 and December 2021. Demographic data, preexisting medical comorbidities, previous pain-related symptoms, medication use for pain management, pain intensity (4-point scale), and development of de novo, multitype, post-COVID pain were collected by a self-reported survey distributed via e-Boks (a secured national digital mail system used in Denmark to provide public information to residents).

Empirical meropenem versus piperacillin/tazobactam for adult patients with sepsis (EMPRESS) trial: Protocol.

Background: Piperacillin/tazobactam may be associated with less favourable outcomes than carbapenems in patients with severe bacterial infections, but the certainty of evidence is low.

Methods: The Empirical Meropenem versus Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Adult Patients with Sepsis (EMPRESS) trial is an investigator-initiated, international, parallel-group, randomised, open-label, adaptive clinical trial with an integrated feasibility phase. We will randomise adult, critically ill patients with sepsis to empirical treatment with meropenem or piperacillin/tazobactam for up to 30 days.

Effects of a lower a higher oxygenation target in intensive care unit patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: a subgroup analysis of a randomised clinical trial.

Background: Oxygen supplementation is ubiquitous in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute hypoxaemia, but the optimal oxygenation target has not been established.

Methods: This was a pre-planned subgroup analysis of the Handling Oxygenation Targets in the ICU (HOT-ICU) trial, which allocated patients with acute hypoxaemia to a lower oxygenation target (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [ao] of 8 kPa) a higher target (ao of 12 kPa) during ICU admission, for up to 90 days; the allocation was stratified for presence or absence of COPD. Here, we report key outcomes for patients with COPD.

The digital divide in rural and regional communities: a survey on the use of digital health technology and implications for supporting technology use.

Objective: A digital divide exists for people from rural and regional areas where they are less likely and confident to engage in digital health technologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the digital health literacy and engagement of people from rural and regional communities, with a focus on identifying barriers and facilitators to using technology.

Results: Forty adults living in rural/regional areas completed a survey consisting of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) with additional items surveying participants' experience with a range of digital health technologies.

Hypoxia in the pulmonary vein increases pulmonary vascular resistance independently of oxygen in the pulmonary artery.

Introduction: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) can be a challenging clinical problem. It is not fully elucidated where in the circulation the regulation of resistance takes place. It is often referred to as if it is in the arteries, but we hypothesized that it is in the venous side of the pulmonary circulation.

Safety and Efficacy of Midline vs Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters Among Adults Receiving IV Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Midline catheters (MCs) are widely used, but safety and efficacy compared with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) has not been adequately evaluated.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of MCs with PICCs among adult patients with an anticipated intravenous therapy lasting from 5 to 28 days.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This parallel, 2-group, open-label, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was conducted in Denmark from October 2018 to February 2022 at a single academic tertiary care center.

"I always felt like I wasn't supposed to be there". An international qualitative study of fathers' engagement in family healthcare during transition to fatherhood.

Objective: Engagement of fathers in family health services confers benefits for the health and wellbeing of the whole family. The childbirth continuum is traditionally considered a feminine event, however, commensurate with the changing paradigm of gender equity in family healthcare worldwide, the role of fathers is in transformation. The aim of the study is to explore father's perceptions and experiences of healthcare engagement during pregnancy and early infant care.