Preventing Exertional Heat Stroke in Football: Time for a Paradigm Shift.

Context: Among American sports, football has the highest incidence of exertional heat stroke (EHS), despite decades of prevention strategies. Based on recent reports, 100% of high school and college EHS football fatalities occur during conditioning sessions. Linemen are the at-risk population, constituting 97% of football EHS deaths.

The Importance of Medial Patellar Shape as a Risk Factor for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation in Adults.

Background: Research on the cause of lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) has focused on trochlear morphologic parameters, joint alignment, and patellofemoral soft tissue forces. A paucity of information is available regarding how patellar morphologic parameters influence the risk for LPD.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose was to assess whether patellar morphology is a risk factor for recurrent LPD.

Catastrophic Sports Injuries: Causation and Prevention.

➤ Catastrophic injuries in U.S. high school and college athletes are rare but devastating injuries.

Acute and Emergent Spinal Injury Assessment and Treatment.

Sports participation is a leading cause of catastrophic cervical spine injury (CSI) in the United States. Appropriate prehospital care for athletes with suspected CSIs should be available at all levels of sport. Planning the process of transport for home venues before the start of the season and ensuring that a medical time out occurs at home and away games can reduce complications of transport decisions on the field of play and expedite transport of the spine-injured athlete.

Facial injuries in the National Basketball Association: 2013-14 through 2017-18.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology, mechanisms, treatment, and disability for facial injuries in National Basketball Association (NBA) athletes.

Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive epidemiological chart review using NBA Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. Responses to injuries reported in games, practices, and other activities were used for all data analysis, except for game incidence rates.

Characterizing the Bone Marrow Environment in Advanced-Stage Myelofibrosis during Ruxolitinib Treatment Using PET/CT and MRI: A Pilot Study.

Current diagnostic criteria for myelofibrosis are largely based on bone marrow (BM) biopsy results. However, these have several limitations, including sampling errors. Explorative studies have indicated that imaging might form an alternative for the evaluation of disease activity, but the heterogeneity in BM abnormalities complicates the choice for the optimal technique.

How accurate is transcutaneous bilirubin testing in newborns with darker skin tones?

Fairly accurate. Photometric transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) testing may overestimate total serum bilirubin (TSB) in neonates with darker skin tones by a mean of 0.68 to > 2 mg/dL (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, diagnostic cohort studies with differing reference standards).

[F]Fluoride PET provides distinct information on disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis as compared to MRI and conventional radiography.

Purpose: To relate [F]fluoride uptake on PET with abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional radiography (CR) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.

Methods: Ten clinically active AS patients (female 6/10, age 38 ± 11 years) were included, and both spine and SI-joints were examined. PET scans were dichotomously scored for enhanced [F]fluoride uptake, MRI scans were scored for fatty lesions, erosions, ankylosis, and bone marrow edema (BME), and CR was scored for erosions, syndesmophytes, and ankylosis.

Sport-related Structural Brain Injury in High School and College American Football Athletes, 2002-2020: Effect of Lystedt Law.

Background: A previous report revealed an average of 7.2 (0.67 per 100,000 participants) sport-related structural brain injuries (SRSBIs) with macroscopic lesions per year in high school (HS) and college football players.

Mechanism of non-contact ACL injury: OREF Clinical Research Award 2021.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures significantly impact athletes in terms of return to play and loss of long-term quality of life. Before the onset of this study, understanding the mechanism of ACL injury was limited. Thus, the primary focus of this manuscript is to describe our multi-faceted approach to uncovering the mechanism of noncontact ACL injury (NC-ACLI) with the goal of developing preventive strategies.

Baseline Aerobic Fitness in High School and College Football Players: Critical for Prescribing Safe Exercise Regimens.

Background: Nontraumatic fatalities occur on a regular basis in high school (HS) and college football athletes, primarily in obese linemen performing high-intensity exercise. One contributing factor to these deaths may be a mismatch between baseline aerobic (cardiorespiratory) fitness and exercise regimens.

Hypothesis: There is a wide range of aerobic fitness in HS and college football players.

Adolescents and adults with patellofemoral pain exhibit distinct patellar maltracking patterns.

Background: Chronic idiopathic patellofemoral pain is associated with patellar maltracking in both adolescents and adults. To accurately target the underlying, patient-specific etiology, it is crucial we understand if age-of-pain-onset influences maltracking.

Methods: Twenty adolescents (13.

Epidemiology of Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in the United States: Analysis of NEISS Database 2000 to 2019.

Objective: There have been numerous case series of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) but no comprehensive studies investigating the incidence of ER in the civilian athletic population in the United States (US).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients with ER presenting to emergency departments in the US over a 20-year period between 2000 and 2019 was performed using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database.

Results: The national estimate of hospital visits in the US for ER during the 20-year period was 40,654 (0.

The value of bone marrow, liver, and spleen imaging in diagnosis, prognostication, and follow-up monitoring of myeloproliferative neoplasms: a systematic review.

Background: Diagnostic and treatment response criteria for the JAK2/CALR/MPL mutation-related myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are largely based on bone marrow (BM) biopsy results. However, these biopsies have several limitations, such as the risk of sampling error. Also, the prognostic impact of BM abnormalities is largely unclear.

Is Treatment in Patients With Suspected Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis Effective? Six-Month Results of a Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of 16-week treatment with etanercept (ETN) in patients with suspected nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).

Methods: Tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-naive patients with inflammatory back pain with at least 2 SpA features and high disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index score ≥4), without the requirement of a positive finding on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sacroiliac (SI) joint and/or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level, were randomized (1:1) to receive ETN (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40) for 16 weeks and subsequently were followed up for a further 8 weeks (to 24 weeks from baseline) without study medication. The primary end point was the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society 20 (ASAS20) response at 16 weeks.

Nontraumatic Exertional Fatalities in Football Players, Part 2: Excess in Conditioning Kills.

Background: The incidence of nontraumatic fatalities in high school (HS) and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football players has continued at a constant rate since the 1960s.

Purpose: To describe the causes of nontraumatic fatalities in HS and NCAA football players and provide prevention strategies.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Nontraumatic Exertional Fatalities in Football Players, Part 1: Epidemiology and Effectiveness of National Collegiate Athletic Association Bylaws.

Background: Football has the highest number of nontraumatic fatalities of any sport in the United States.

Purpose: To compare the incidence of nontraumatic fatalities with that of traumatic fatalities, describe the epidemiology of nontraumatic fatalities in high school (HS) and college football players, and determine the effectiveness of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) policies to reduce exertional heat stroke (EHS) and exertional sickling (ES) with sickle cell trait (SCT) fatalities in athletes.

Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Evaluating an Algorithm and Clinical Prediction Rule for Diagnosis of Bone Stress Injuries.

Background: A novel algorithm and clinical prediction rule (CPR), with 18 variables, was created in 2014. The CPR generated a bone stress injury (BSI) score, which was used to determine the necessity of imaging in suspected BSI. To date, there are no validated algorithms for imaging selection in patients with suspected BSI.

Consensus Recommendations on the Prehospital Care of the Injured Athlete With a Suspected Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injury.

Introduction: Sports participation is among the leading causes of catastrophic cervical spine injury (CSI) in the United States. Appropriate prehospital care for athletes with suspected CSIs should be available at all levels of sport. The goal of this project was to develop a set of best-practice recommendations appropriate for athletic trainers, emergency responders, sports medicine and emergency physicians, and others engaged in caring for athletes with suspected CSIs.

Best Practices and Current Care Concepts in Prehospital Care of the Spine-Injured Athlete in American Tackle Football March 2-3, 2019; Atlanta, GA.

Sport-related spine injury can be devastating and have long-lasting effects on athletes and their families. Providing evidence-based care for patients with spine injury is essential for optimizing postinjury outcomes. When caring for an injured athlete in American tackle football, clinicians must make decisions that involve unique challenges related to protective equipment (eg, helmet and shoulder pads).

Consensus Recommendations on the Prehospital Care of the Injured Athlete With a Suspected Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injury.

Introduction: Sports participation is among the leading causes of catastrophic cervical spine injury (CSI) in the United States. Appropriate prehospital care for athletes with suspected CSIs should be available at all levels of sport. The goal of this project was to develop a set of best-practice recommendations appropriate for athletic trainers, emergency responders, sports medicine and emergency physicians, and others engaged in caring for athletes with suspected CSIs.