A Pilot Study Exploring the Relationship Between Milk Composition and Microbial Capacity in Breastfed Infants.

Background: Maternal obesity may contribute to childhood obesity in a myriad of ways, including through alterations of the infant gut microbiome. For example, maternal obesity may contribute both directly by introducing a dysbiotic microbiome to the infant and indirectly through the altered composition of human milk that fuels the infant gut microbiome. In particular, indigestible human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are known to shape the composition of the infant gut microbiome.

Autologous minced cartilage implantation in osteochondral lesions of the talus-does fibrin make the difference?

Introduction: Implantation of minced cartilage is a one-step-procedure that leads to satisfactory results in osteochondral defects.

Material And Methods: A retrospective review was performed on a consecutive cohort of patients that received minced cartilage with fibrin (MCF), minced cartilage with membrane and fibrin (MCMF) and minced cartilage with the "AutoCart"-procedure (MCAC) between January 2019 and December 2023. Radiological outcome parameters were evaluated via Magnet-Resonance-Tomography (MRI) within one year using Ankle-Osteoarthritis-Scoring-System (AOSS).

2'-Fucosyllactose inhibits human norovirus replication in human intestinal enteroids.

Unlabelled: Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Currently, there are no targeted antivirals for the treatment of HuNoV infection. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) on the intestinal epithelium are cellular attachment factors for HuNoVs; molecules that block the binding of HuNoVs to HBGAs thus have the potential to be developed as antivirals.

Climbing the longevity pyramid: overview of evidence-driven healthcare prevention strategies for human longevity.

Longevity medicine is an emerging and iterative healthcare discipline focusing on early detection, preventive measures, and personalized approaches that aim to extend healthy lifespan and promote healthy aging. This comprehensive review introduces the innovative concept of the "." This conceptual framework delineates progressive intervention levels, providing a structured approach to understanding the diverse strategies available in longevity medicine.

Associations between human milk EV-miRNAs and oligosaccharide concentrations in human milk.

Introduction: Human milk contains human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), which are key bioactive components. HMOs are indigestible carbohydrates that impact infant growth and development. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression.

The microbiome diversifies -acyl lipid pools - including short-chain fatty acid-derived compounds.

-acyl lipids are important mediators of several biological processes including immune function and stress response. To enhance the detection of -acyl lipids with untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we created a reference spectral library retrieving -acyl lipid patterns from 2,700 public datasets, identifying 851 -acyl lipids that were detected 356,542 times. 777 are not documented in lipid structural databases, with 18% of these derived from short-chain fatty acids and found in the digestive tract and other organs.

The human milk oligosaccharide 3'sialyllactose reduces low-grade inflammation and atherosclerosis development in mice.

Macrophages contribute to the induction and resolution of inflammation and play a central role in chronic low-grade inflammation in cardiovascular diseases caused by atherosclerosis. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex unconjugated glycans unique to human milk that benefit infant health and act as innate immune modulators. Here, we identify the HMO 3'sialyllactose (3'SL) as a natural inhibitor of TLR4-induced low-grade inflammation in macrophages and endothelium.

Understanding the rationales and information environments for early, late, and nonadopters of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Anti-vaccine sentiment during the COVID-19 pandemic grew at an alarming rate, leaving much to understand about the relationship between people's vaccination status and the information they were exposed to. This study investigated the relationship between vaccine behavior, decision rationales, and information exposure on social media over time. Using a cohort study that consisted of a nationally representative survey of American adults, three subpopulations (early adopters, late adopters, and nonadopters) were analyzed through a combination of statistical analysis, network analysis, and semi-supervised topic modeling.

Epidemiology of Pediatric Astrovirus Gastroenteritis in a Nicaraguan Birth Cohort.

Background: Astrovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. However, few prospective studies have analyzed astrovirus in community-dwelling pediatric populations in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: We assessed the incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, genotypes, viral coinfections, and time distribution of astrovirus gastroenteritis in 443 healthy Nicaraguan children born in 2017 to 2018 who were followed for 36 months.

Duration of double balloon catheter for patients with prior cesarean: a before and after study.

Background: Previous studies that suggest a shorter time from cervical ripening balloon placement to delivery with shorter total balloon placement time have excluded patients with prior cesarean deliveries.

Objective: To evaluate, in patients with a prior history of cesarean delivery undergoing cervical ripening with a double-balloon catheter, whether planned removal of device after 6 vs 12 hours would result in shorter time to vaginal delivery.

Study Design: A before-and-after study was performed after a practice change occurred November 2020, shortening the planned time of double-balloon catheter placement for cervical ripening from 12 to 6 hours.

Human milk microbiota, oligosaccharide profiles, and infant gut microbiome in preterm infants diagnosed with necrotizing enterocolitis.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe intestinal disease of very preterm infants with mother's own milk (MOM) providing protection, but the contribution of the MOM microbiota to NEC risk has not been explored. Here, we analyze MOM of 110 preterm infants (48 NEC, 62 control) in a cross-sectional study. Breast milk contains viable bacteria, but there is no significant difference in MOM microbiota between NEC and controls.

Maternal immune cell gene expression associates with maternal gut microbiome, milk composition and infant gut microbiome.

Background: Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity promote deleterious health impacts on both mothers during pregnancy and the offspring. Significant changes in the maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) gene expression due to obesity are well-known. However, the impact of pre-pregnancy overweight on immune cell gene expression during pregnancy and its association with maternal and infant outcomes is not well explored.

The impact of breastfeeding on the preterm infant's microbiome and metabolome: a pilot study.

Background: Human milk is unquestionably beneficial for preterm infants. We investigated how the transition from tube to oral/breastfeeding impacts the preterm infants' oral and gut microbiome and metabolome.

Methods: We analyzed stool, saliva, and milk samples collected from a cohort of preterm infants enrolled in the MAP Study, a prospective observational trial.

Bacteriophage therapy reduces in a porcine and human burn wound infection model.

Burn wounds are a major burden, with high mortality rates due to infections. is a major causative agent of burn wound infections, which can be difficult to treat because of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. An alternative to antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages, viruses that infect and kill bacteria.

Active follow-up of patients identified with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to discontinue contact precautions and isolation measures.

Background: It is essential to refrain from unnecessary isolation measures indicated for patients identified with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB).

Aim: To evaluate whether a pro-active follow-up strategy to discontinue isolation measures of patients identified with MDR-GNB (without carbapenemase production) resulted in reduced isolation days during hospitalization, compared to passive follow-up.

Methods: A comparison was made between active and passive follow-up strategies over a two-year period after first MDR-GNB identification.

Infant Microbiota Communities and Human Milk Oligosaccharide Supplementation Independently and Synergistically Shape Metabolite Production and Immune Responses in Healthy Mice.

Background: Multiple studies have demonstrated associations between the early-life gut microbiome and incidence of inflammatory and autoimmune disease in childhood. Although microbial colonization is necessary for proper immune education, it is not well understood at a mechanistic level how specific communities of bacteria promote immune maturation or drive immune dysfunction in infancy.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to assess whether infant microbial communities with different overall structures differentially influence immune and gastrointestinal development in healthy mice.

Maternal Diet Associated with Oligosaccharide Abundances in Human Milk from Latina Mothers.

Growing evidence indicates that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are important bioactive compounds that enhance health and developmental outcomes in breastfed babies. Maternal dietary intake likely contributes to variation in HMO composition, but studies identifying diet-HMO relationships are few and inconsistent. This study aimed to investigate how the maternal intake of macronutrients and micronutrients-specifically proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals-associated with HMOs at 1 month (n = 210), 6 months (n = 131), and 12 months postpartum (n = 84).