[Embryologic problems raised by proboscis lateralis].

Organization is conserved in proboscis lateralis and in this respect it represents a half-nose and not a nasolacrymal canal. It is characterized by mainly skeletal deficiency and a paramedian lateral localization. Associated alterations involved olfactory and ocular structures, often with a disorder of closure of the colobomic slit, but overall neuroblast development is not disturbed.

[Proboscis lateralis, a rare facial malformation. Therapeutic difficulties (apropos of a case)].

A case of proboscis lateralis with total absence of the corresponding half of the nose is reported. The length of the mucocutaneous cylinder enabled initial insertion of its free extremity around its bony orifice in communication with the single nasal fossa, and the creation of a functional, well situated naris. Second-stage operation several months later involved spreading of the upper part, closure of the coloboma, and treatment of the lacrimal pathways.

[Neonatal facial paralysis. Our experience apropos of 44 cases].

Forty-four cases of neonatal facial paralysis have been treated in the ENT department for children in the hôpital Trousseau, paris. In nearly half of the cases the etiology was related to nervous or muscular aplasia, while in the other cases of traumatic, infective, or doubtful etiology, the severity and course of the paralysis served as a guide to choice of therapy. Surgery was indicated in only 13 cases and recovery was obtained in 4 infants, with more or less marked sequelae.

[1-stage operation in major aplasias of the ear. Value of combined plastic and functional intervention].

In spite of imperfections, combined functional and plastic surgery is of value of treating major aplasias of the ear. The two operative procedures can be performed by the same surgeon or the same team when the child has reached 5 to 6 years of age. The technique involves the use of sliding pedunculated flaps, with rotation in the auricular region, and the employ of conventional otologic microsurgical methods (homograft, moulded temporal aponeurosis).

[Cholesteatoma arising from the internal acoustic meatus after conservative antro-atticotomy for decompression of the facial nerve].

Two patients developed cholesteatomos following conservative surgical treatment of facial palsy by antro-atticotomy of the bony framework. As the middle ear was not affected the lesions probably arose from the internal auditory meatus, and this was confirmed in one case. The association of stenosis of the external auditory meatus due to sliding and retraction of the external ear raises the question of the need for its correction to prevent this rare complication.

[Rare complication of frontal sinusitis in children: gas gangrene of the scalp. Apropos of a case].

An 11-year-old child developed an infection of the scalp due to anaerobic germs following an acute attack of frontal sinusitis. The mechanism and therapy of this rare complication are discussed. The favorable outcome in this case suggests the need for revision of the generally poor prognosis of this complication, on the condition that adequate treatment be applied under the control of a multidisciplinary team.

[Acquired facial paralysis in children. Our experience apropos of 72 cases].

Results of therapy as a function of etiology are discussed in relation to 72 cases of acquired facial palsy in children. Spontaneous recovery occurred in 28 of the 33 cases with idiopathic facial palsy, this representing the most common form (46 p. cent of total) and appearing to have a still better prognosis than in adults.

[2 modalities in the embryogenic process of frontonasal cysts and fistulae].

The two principal embryogenic theories, persistence of residual structures remaining after closure of the anterior neuropore and inclusion of epiblastic derivatives in the prenasal space, may be combined, with resulting two embryonic varieties of these malformations. Glabellar cysts, with or without fistulae extending them downwards, and which remaining at superficial level may perforate the true nasal bones. Other fistulae can develop which extend deeply and present variable dilatations with a more or less oblique path upwards depending on the level of their opening into the nose.

[Antibiotic penetration into the otorhinolaryngologic system in children. I. Comparative intratonsillar penetration of ampicillin and triacetyloleandomycin. Apropos of 61 cases].

Tonsillar diffusion of two antibiotics was compared in 61 children, 26 receiving 100 mg/kg/d of ampicillin, and the other 35 being treated with 50 mg/kg/d of triacetyloleandomycin during the 24 hours preceding tonsillectomy. Drug levels were measured by a microbiological method. The mean ampicillin level in the tonsil was 0,84 mcg/ml for a serum level of 4,1 mcg/ml 90 minutes before sampling, concentrations being absent in the tonsil in 12 cases (45 p.

[Antibiotic penetration into the otorhinolaryngologic system in children. II. Concentration of cefotaxime in the middle ear].

Cefotaxime levels were measured in the middle ears of 12 children, after operations for insertion of a transtympanic aerator for serous or relapsing otitis. Mean auricular cefotaxime levels were 4,3 and 5,1 mcg/ml on the right and left respectively. Mean serum level one hour after 25 mg/kg i.

[Comparative efficacy of multidirectional and computed tomography in the diagnosis of tumors of the pontocerebellar angle (author's transl)].

Extensive investigation of 41 patients highly suspected of having pontocerebellar angle tumors led to the detection of 21 surgically confirmed tumors. Precise criteria, involving numerical rating of sensitivity and specificity, were applied to compare the diagnostic reliability of multidirectional and computed tomography. An analysis of the diagnostic value of internal auditory canal anomalies demonstrated the obvious superiority of 3 mm as against 6 to 9 mm scanner sections, and the good correlation between the anomalies detected by these thin scanner sections and those obtained by tomography.

[Partial vertical surgery of the larynx : results as a function of anesthesia and the employ of tracheotomy (author's transl)].

Postoperative course and complications were studied as a function of the type of anesthesia, and the employ of a tracheotomy tube and gauze drainage of the laryngeal cavity, following partial vertical surgery on the larynx of 238 patients. Findings demonstrated that a general anesthetic by intubation with total skin closure without tracheotomy and gauze drainage of the laryngeal cavity, reduced the incidence of local infections complications and the duration of hospitalization. Without insisting on the advantages of this type of anesthesia and the value of immediate suturing, the authors note that these simple techniques markedly reduce the hospitalization period at a time when emphasis is being placed on the economic impact of the duration of this period.

[Comparative values of unilateral and bilateral caloric bithermal vestibular tests in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma (author's transl)].

Acoustic neurinomas must be diagnosed as early as possible for the tumour to be removed while it is still small and the facial and, sometimes, auditory functions to be preserved. Since 89% of neurinomas lie on the vestibular nerve, enhancing the sensitivity of test exploring this nerve is important. Bilateral bithermal caloric stimulation is more sensitive (85%) than unilateral stimulation (71%) in detecting functional impairment.

[Epitheliomas of the lateral margin (author's transl)].

The third part ends the study on epitheliomas of the laryngeal margin and concerns 8 cases of epithelioma of the lateral margin (aryteno-epiglottic fold and intersection of the three folds). The authors emphasize the considerable lymphatic tropism of these tumors. In 58% of these, enlarged lymph nodes were found, 65% of which showed histological involvement.

[Epitheliomas of the anterior margin of the larynx. A study of 102 cases (author's transl)].

In this second part, we study 102 cases of epithelioma of the anterior margin of the larynx. The authors insist on the need for bilateral treatment of lymphatic areas on account of their frequent bilateral involvement, jumping from 9% for N0 to 80% for a fixed unilateral enlarged lymph node. Whatever the T stage, the best therapeutic results are provided by total or partial surgery of the lesion combined with surgical treatment of lymphatic areas completed by irradiation.

[Epitheliomas of the margin of the larynx. Definition, classification and extension (author's transl)].

Studying 213 cases of epithelioma of the laryngeal margin, the authors report on a 3-part study. The first part defines, classifies and specifies the extension of marginal epitheliomas, the second part studies anterior margin epitheliomas and the third, epitheliomas of the lateral margin. This first part shows that the laryngeal margin forms a precise anatomo-clinical entity which must be subdivided into anterior lateral posterior and total margins.

[Changes in weight of fresh and dried vegetables on cooking].

The present study represents part of a more important work relative to normal food refuse and change of weight of varied food according to different ways of cooking. The study has been realized on vegetables and some fruits of frequent utilization in the population. It was accomplished by 25 voluntary housekeepers from Paris and Marseille during a whole year according to precise instructions about the method of weighings, every vegetable having to be weighed, three times at different intervals, during the year; 3203 weighings were mode corresponding to 2 399 kg of divers types of vegetables.