Role of Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and Glutathione S Transferase Theta 1 Gene Polymorphism, Histopathological, and Immunohistochemistry in Carcinoma Breast.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females in developing countries such as India. It is the most common malignancy in females in the Punjab state.

Objectives: (1) The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of the four subtypes of breast cancer based on molecular classification and (2) to determine the association of polymorphisms in Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) and Glutathione S transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) gene in carcinoma of the breast with histopathological grading.

Association between Microrna 146a and Microrna 196a2 Genes Polymorphism and Breast Cancer Risk in North Indian Women.

Background: Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules. They can function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the pre-miRNA region could affect the processing of miRNA and thus alter mature miRNA expression.

Steroid Cell Tumour of Ovary - A Rare Case Report.

Steroid cell tumours of the ovary are uncommon sex- hormone secreting tumours characterized by a steroid cell proliferation. The incidence of steroid cell tumour of the ovary is only 0.1% of all ovarian tumours.

Fluorescent microscopy and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of bronchoalveolar lavage, bronchial washings, bronchoscopic brushing and post bronchoscopic sputum along with cytological examination in cases of suspected tuberculosis.

Objectives: Ever since the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882, many diagnostic methods have been developed. However "The gold standard" for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is still the demonstration of acid fast Bacilli (AFB) by microscopic examination of smear or bacteriological confirmation by culture method.

Materials And Methods: In suspected 75 patients with active pulmonary TB, the materials obtained bronchoscopically, were bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial brushings, bronchial washings and post bronchoscopic sputum.

Patterns of Cancer: A Study of 500 Punjabi Patients.

The State of Punjab has been in focus because of aperceived increasing rate of cancer. Both print and electronic media have created an impression that Punjab, especially the cotton belt of Malwa Region, has become a high incidence cancer region. Actually the increased number of cancer patients might be at least partly because of increasing population and heightened health awareness and reporting.

Correlation between Sex Chromatin and Female Breast Tumour in Paraffin Sections, Buccal Smears and Peripheral Blood Films.

Introduction: Sex chromatin is a plano-convex to triangular DNA mass measuring approximately 1μm in size and lying adjacent to the inner side of nuclear membrane in the somatic cells of the females. There is consistent loss in the sex chromatin percentage in the carcinoma cases in comparison to benign lesions and normal individuals.

Aim: To know the correlation between the sex chromatin status in female breast tumors on paraffin sections, buccal smears and peripheral blood films.

"Cannon balls or pus balls" in pap smears: a case report.

A 50-year old female presented with the chief complaint of a discharge per vaginum, which was there for the past 15 days. A routine PAP smear was received in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Patiala, India. After its fixation and staining, it was examined under the microscope.