Scoping review: The effects of diet, physical activity and sleep on motor and physical fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis.

Physical and motor fatigue are debilitating symptoms common in multiple sclerosis (MS). Lifestyle interventions may be effective in managing MS-related fatigue. This scoping review aims to: (i) identify and summarise lifestyle interventions including those focused on diet, physical activity, and sleep, or multicomponent interventions for physical and motor fatigue management in MS; and (ii) provide recommendations for future research in this area.

Risk factors for self-reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most common preventable cause of impaired fetal development. The amount of alcohol consumed by expectant mothers varies by country. Studies on the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women in Slovakia and the risk factors linked to alcohol consumption during pregnancy are scarce.

Probing the Role of Solvent Configurations and Local Electric Fields on HX (X = F, Cl, Br and I) Dissociation in Water Clusters.

The acidity of hydrohalic acids increases down the group, with HF and HI being the weakest and strongest acids. Electronic structure calculations suggest that the critical electric fields required for the dissociation of HF, HCl, HBr, and HI are 347, 193, 163, and 153 MV cm, respectively, which are proportional to their corresponding p values and emphasize that in these systems the bond dissociation energy determines the p. The solvent configuration plays a significant role in the acid dissociation process, which is illustrated by a particular configuration of three water molecules around HX and favors dissociation of only HBr, even though the critical electric field required for the dissociation of HI is lower than that of HBr, as depicted in the graphical abstract.

Ferroelectric, flexoelectric and photothermal coupling in PVDF-based composites for flexible photoelectric sensors.

A ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film with excellent flexibility possesses great potential for photodetection and wearable devices. However, the relatively weak photo-absorption and the consequent small photocurrent limit its photofunctional properties. Herein, we embedded a strongly visible-light active material system, 0.

Metaplastic neuromodulation via transcranial direct current stimulation has no effect on corticospinal excitability and neuromuscular fatigue.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation tool with potential for managing neuromuscular fatigue, possibly due to alterations in corticospinal excitability. However, inconsistencies in intra- and inter- individual variability responsiveness to tDCS limit its clinical use. Emerging evidence suggests harnessing homeostatic metaplasticity induced via tDCS may reduce variability and boost its outcomes, yet little is known regarding its influence on neuromuscular fatigue in healthy adults.

The reflective function questionnaire for youth: Hungarian adaptation and evaluation of associations with quality of life and psychopathology.

An important correlate of mental health problems is mentalizing capacity, which appears to be particularly influential during adolescence. However, quality of life has not been studied in relation to mentalizing capacity among adolescents. This study aimed to translate the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youth (RFQY) into Hungarian, present its psychometric properties, and assess its relationship with demographic characteristics, psychopathology and quality of life.

Ultra-large electromechanical deformation in lead-free piezoceramics at reduced thickness.

Lead-free piezoceramics with large controllable deformations are highly desirable for numerous energy converter applications ranging from consumer electronics to medical microrobots. Although several new classes of high-performance ferroelectrics have been discovered, a universal strategy to enable various piezoceramics to realize large electromechanical deformations is still lacking. Herein, by gradually reducing the thickness from 0.

[The adaptation of The parental reflective functioning questionnaire adolescent version to the Hungarian language and presentation of its psychometric characteristics].

Introduction: Parental reflective function is the ability of a parent to attribute mental states to their child and to themselves. In the English-speaking world, The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (PRFQ; Luyten, Mayes, Nijssens and Fonagy, 2017) is widely used for the measurement of this construct, the adolescent version of which can be used by parents of children aged 12-18. The aim of our research was to adapt the adolescent version of The Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire to Hungarian language and to analyze its factor structure.

Vibrational Stark fields in carboxylic acid dimers.

Carboxylic acids form exceptionally stable dimers and have been used to model proton and double proton transfer processes. The stabilization energies of the carboxylic acid dimers are very weakly dependent on the nature of substitution. However, the electric field experienced by the OH group of a particular carboxylic acid is dependent more on the nature of the substitution on the dimer partner.

Factors influencing performance in municipal solid waste management - A case study of Czech municipalities.

The study presents research focused on factors influencing performance in municipal solid waste management (MSWM) at the level of individual municipalities in the Czech Republic. Czech municipalities possess a specific municipal structure that is characteristic of high fragmentation, in which municipalities spatially resemble conglomerates. In spite of their typically small size, they cling to their own independence and are thus willing to assume full responsibilities in MSWM.

Detection of diarrhoea associated rotavirus and co-infection with diarrhoeagenic pathogens in the Littoral region of Cameroon using ELISA, RT-PCR and Luminex xTAG GPP assays.

Background: Despite the global roll-out of rotavirus vaccines (RotaTeq/Rotarix / ROTAVAC/Rotasiil), mortality and morbidity due to group A rotavirus (RVA) remains high in sub-Saharan Africa, causing 104,000 deaths and 600,000 hospitalizations yearly. In Cameroon, Rotarix™ was introduced in March 2014, but, routine laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus infection is not yet a common practice, and vaccine effectiveness studies to determine the impact of vaccine introduction have not been done. Thus, studies examining RVA prevalence post vaccine introduction are needed.

Sustained bloodstream release of persistent organic pollutants induced by extensive weight loss after bariatric surgery: Implications for women of childbearing age.

Background: Lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are stored in adipose tissues and released in case of weight loss.

Objectives: To analyze the kinetics and characteristics of this release during drastic weight loss after bariatric surgery and compare the results in case of women of childbearing age (WCBA) with critical blood concentration thresholds.

Methods: 100 morbidly obese patients (73 women including 53 of childbearing age and 27 men) were screened before and 3, 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery for serum concentrations of 67 congeners or metabolites of banned or not yet banned organohalogenated persistent pollutants, including highly lipophilic polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), and less lipophilic perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFASs).

Recording site placement on planar silicon-based probes affects signal quality in acute neuronal recordings.

Multisite, silicon-based probes are widely used tools to record the electrical activity of neuronal populations. Several physical features of these devices are designed to improve their recording performance. Here, our goal was to investigate whether the position of recording sites on the silicon shank might affect the quality of the recorded neural signal in acute experiments.

Internal electric fields in methanol [MeOH] clusters.

Water and methanol are well known solvents showing cooperative hydrogen bonding, however the differences in the hydrogen bonding pattern in water and methanol are due to the presence of the methyl group in methanol. The presence of the methyl group leads to formation of C-HO hydrogen bonds apart from the usual O-HO hydrogen bonds. The electric fields evaluated along the hydrogen bonded donor OH and CH groups reveal that the C-HO hydrogen bonds can significantly influence the structure and energetics (by about 20%) of methanol clusters.

Synthesis and structure of arylselenium(ii) and aryltellurium(ii) cations based on rigid 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis-(N-pentylbenzimidazol-2'-yl)benzenes.

The transmetalation reactions of a mercury precursor, [Pentyl(N^C^N)HgCl] (19), with selenium halides (SeCl4, SeBr4, and SeCl2) were attempted to obtain the corresponding organoselenium trichloride [Pentyl(N^C^N)SeCl3], tribromide [Pentyl(N^C^N)SeBr3], and monochloride [Pentyl(N^C^N)SeCl], respectively [(N^C^N) = 5-tert-butyl-1,3-bis-(N-pentyl-benzimidazol-2'-yl)phenyl]. However, in all the cases, a very facile ionization of the Se-halogen bond was observed leading to the isolation of a new class of air stable arylselenium(ii) complexes: [Pentyl(N^C^N)Se+]2[HgCl4]2- (20) and [Pentyl(N^C^N)Se+]2[HgBr4]2- (21). This is the first report on the formation of NCN pincer-based arylselenium(ii) cations via the transmetalation route.

Insights into acid dissociation of HCl and HBr with internal electric fields.

The electric field experienced by an acid molecule in the acid-water cluster depends on its local environment comprising of surrounding water molecules. A critical field of about 193 and 163 MV cm is required for the dissociation of HCl and HBr, respectively, and is associated with the arrangement of water molecules around the acid. The critical field required for dissociation of isolated HCl and HBr is 510 and 462 MV cm, respectively.

Internal electric fields in small water clusters [(H2O)n; n = 2-6].

The electric field experienced by a water molecule within a water cluster depends on its position relative to the rest of the water molecules. The stabilization energies and the red-shifts in the donor O-H stretching vibrations in the water clusters increase with the cluster size concomitant with the increase in the electric field experienced by the donor O-H of a particular water molecule due to the hydrogen bonding network. The red-shifts in O-H stretching frequencies show a spread of about ±100 cm(-1) against the corresponding electric fields.

In vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter/Campylobacter activity of the aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha.

The aqueous extract of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) stem bark, a plant widely used in Cameroon for the traditional treatment of gastritis and stomach problems, was assessed for in vitro and in vivo anti-Helicobacter/Campylobacter properties using the well diffusion assay, agar dilution assay, and killing rate determination. The in vitro activity was dose-dependent, and the same antimicrobial parameters (MAQ = 0.63 mg; MIC = 0.

Bilateral operculum syndrome in childhood.

We describe 3 patients with bilateral operculum syndrome. They presented with various degrees of suprabulbar (pseudobulbar) signs in addition to delay in cognitive, motor, and speech development in 2 children and developmental language disorder in the third one. A patient with schizencephaly in the left perisylvian area and contralateral polymicrogyria had spastic hemiparesis on the right side, whereas another patient showed bilateral underdevelopment of the opercula in association with axial hypotonia and spastic diplegia.

Changes in the sonographic appearance of the uterus after discontinuation of tamoxifen therapy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the duration of sonographically detected changes in the endometrium of women with a history of tamoxifen use.

Methods: Patients with breast cancer who had a history of tamoxifen use and documented pelvic sonographic studies were identified by means of clinic databases in both the Section of Gynecological Oncology and the Section of Obstetrical and Gynecological Ultrasound, University of Chicago, between January 1, 1996, and March 30, 2004. Of the 99 patients who met study criteria, 34 had discontinued tamoxifen use before the sonographic evaluation.

The caffeine metabolic ratio as an index of xanthine oxidase activity in clinically active and silent celiac patients.

Background: The xanthine oxidoreductase system has been identified as one of the main sources of free radicals responsible for various forms of tissue injury. Because the intestinal villi are an important location of this enzyme, it was of interest to study the role of xanthine oxidase in gluten-sensitive celiac enteropathy, associated with characteristic villous atrophy. Measured by a noninvasive method, the ratio of caffeine metabolites excreted in the urine after a caffeine challenge had previously been shown to be indicative of the total xanthine oxidase activity of the patient.

Coeliac disease: always something to discover.

The authors present more than 20 years' experience with coeliac disease, with a summary of their published studies. Hair shaft characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Hair diameter was significantly lower and cuticular erosion scores higher in those who were not on gluten-free diets as compared to controls, showing a tendency towards normal values following start of gluten-free diets.

Worm extraction and biliary drainage in hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis.

From December 1989 to March 1992, 50 (32%) of 156 patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic ascariasis underwent various endoscopic interventional procedures. Endoscopic intervention was performed when patients did not respond to energetic symptomatic treatment within the first few days of hospitalization (n = 45) or when worms had not moved out of the ducts into the duodenum at 3 weeks (n = 5). Worm extraction was successful in all 18 patients from the ampullary orifice and in 34 (89.

Serial cholangiographic appearances in recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.

From December 1982 to December 1991, cholangiograms were obtained in 227 patients with recurrent pyogenic cholangitis. Cholangiographic abnormalities included biliary dilation, calculi, sludge, excessive branching, and arrowhead formation of intrahepatic ducts and biliary strictures. In 21 patients, previous evidence of biliary ascariasis was seen.