Impact of the future liver remnant volume before major hepatectomy.

Introduction: Following major liver resection, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is associated with a high mortality rate. As there is no therapy for PHLF available, avoidance remains the main goal. A sufficient future liver remnant (FLR) is one of the most important factors to reduce the risk for PHLF; however, it is not known which patients benefit of volumetric assessment prior to major surgery.

Associations between long-term exercise participation and lower limb joint and whole-bone geometry in young and older adults.

Features of lower limb bone geometry are associated with movement kinematics and clinical outcomes including fractures and osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is important to identify their determinants. Lower limb geometry changes dramatically during development, partly due to adaptation to the forces experienced during physical activity.

Effects of Aging and Fitness on Hopping Biomechanics.

Physical exercise promotes healthy aging and is associated with greater functionality and quality of life. Muscle strength and power are established factors in the ability to perform daily tasks and live independently. Stiffness, for mechanical reasons, is another important constituent of running performance and locomotion.

Corrigendum: Between-Subject and Within-Subject Variation of Muscle Atrophy and Bone Loss in Response to Experimental Bed Rest.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.

On the biocompatibility of endodontic sealers.

Periapical tissue may be exposed to root canal filling materials in consequence of root canal therapy. There is scant scientific data about the biocompatibility of root canal filling materials of various chemistry on the periapical area. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different root canal sealers and their eluates on human alveolar osteoblasts in terms of cell proliferation, adhesion, morphology and gene expression in vitro.

Between-Subject and Within-Subject Variaton of Muscle Atrophy and Bone Loss in Response to Experimental Bed Rest.

To improve quantification of individual responses to bed rest interventions, we analyzed peripheral quantitative computer tomography (pQCT) datasets of the lower leg of 76 participants, who took part in eight different bed rest studies. A newly developed statistical approach differentiated measurement uncertainty from between-subject-variation (BSV) and within-subject variation (WSV). The results showed that decreased 59.

Influence of simulated hypogravity on oxygen uptake during treadmill running.

Prolonged exposure to microgravity during spaceflights leads to severe deterioration in the physical performance of astronauts. To understand the effectiveness of existing in-flight daily countermeasures and to plan exercise onboard the International Space Station, we compared supine treadmill running to traditional upright treadmill running on earth. Specifically, we assessed the cardiorespiratory responses to conventional upright running to the responses to supine treadmill running under 0.

Visual performance comparison of 2 extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To compare the visual acuity and satisfaction outcomes of 2 different concepts of extended depth-of-focus intraocular lenses (EDOF IOLs).

Setting: University Eye Hospital Bochum, Germany.

Design: Prospective randomized comparative clinical trial.

Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion of Extended Criteria Kidney Allografts from Brain Dead Donors: Protocol for a Prospective Pilot Study.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the only curative treatment option for end-stage renal disease. The unavailability of adequate organs for transplantation has resulted in a substantial organ shortage. As such, kidney donor allografts that would have previously been deemed unsuitable for transplantation have become an essential organ pool of extended criteria donor allografts that are now routinely being transplanted on a global scale.

Light-control of the ultra-fast Gp41-1 split intein with preserved stability of a genetically encoded photo-caged amino acid in bacterial cells.

Inteins change the structure and function of their host protein in a unique way and the Gp41-1 split intein is the fastest protein trans-splicing intein known to date. To design a photo-activatable variant, we have incorporated ortho-nitrobenzyl-tyrosine (ONBY) at the position of a structurally conserved phenylalanine in the Gp41-1-N fragment. Using irradiation at 365 nm, the splicing reaction was triggered with virtually unchanged rates.

Rational design of an improved photo-activatable intein for the production of head-to-tail cyclized peptides.

Head-to-tail cyclization of genetically encoded peptides and proteins can be achieved with the split intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins (SICLOPPS) method by inserting the desired polypeptide between the C- and N-terminal fragments of a split intein. To prevent the intramolecular protein splicing reaction from spontaneously occurring upon folding of the intein domain, we have previously rendered this process light-dependent in a photo-controllable variant of the M86 intein, using genetically encoded ortho-nitrobenzyltyrosine at a structurally important position. Here, we report improvements on this photo-intein with regard to expression yields and rate of cyclic peptide formation.

Leg amputation side determines performance in curve sprinting: a case study on a Paralympic medalist.

The lower limb kinetics of curve sprinting in amputees are not well described in the literature, particularly with respect to the effect of the side of amputation. This is an issue due to the importance of the knowledge for prosthetic design and classification of athletes. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of side of amputation on curve sprinting performance in athletes with a unilateral leg amputation.

Development of a screening system for inteins active in protein splicing based on intein insertion into the LacZα-peptide.

Protein splicing by inteins has found diverse applications in biotechnology, protein chemistry and chemical biology. Inteins display a wide range of efficiencies and rates unpredictable from their amino acid sequences. Here, we identified positions T22S and S35 in the LacZα peptide as intein insertion sites that strictly require protein splicing, in contrast to cleavage side-reactions, to allow for complementation of β-galactosidase activity.

A compact broadband ion beam focusing device based on laser-driven megagauss thermoelectric magnetic fields.

Ultra-intense lasers can nowadays routinely accelerate kiloampere ion beams. These unique sources of particle beams could impact many societal (e.g.

Generation of a genetically encoded, photoactivatable intein for the controlled production of cyclic peptides.

Cyclic peptides are important natural products and hold great promise for the identification of new bioactive molecules. The split-intein-mediated SICLOPPS technology provides a generic access to fully genetically encoded head-to-tail cyclized peptides and large libraries thereof (SICLOPPS=split-intein circular ligation of peptides and proteins). However, owing to the spontaneous protein splicing reaction, product formation occurs inside cells, making peptide isolation inconvenient and precluding traditional in vitro assays for inhibitor discovery.

[Light adjustable lens. New options for customized correction of presbyopia].

Purpose: The aim of this study was a prospective evaluation of new algorithms for the treatment of presbyopia using a light-adjustable intraocular lens (LAL).

Patients And Methods: A total of 15 patients scheduled for routine cataract surgery were included in the study. Following cataract removal a LAL (CalhounVision, Pasadena, CA) was implanted.

Viable tumor in postchemoradiation neck dissection specimens as an indicator of poor outcome.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of viable tumor in postchemoradiation neck dissection specimens in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the laryngopharynx.

Methods: Retrospective analysis identified 181 patients treated with primary concurrent chemoradiation for carcinoma of the laryngopharynx at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between the years 1995 and 2005. Of these, 56 patients had a comprehensive neck dissection either as a planned or salvage procedure.

Effects of cigarette smoke on the human oral mucosal transcriptome.

Use of tobacco is responsible for approximately 30% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States, including cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract. In the current study, 40 current and 40 age- and gender-matched never smokers underwent buccal biopsies to evaluate the effects of smoking on the transcriptome. Microarray analyses were carried out using Affymetrix HGU133 Plus 2 arrays.

Effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression and cellular pathways in a cellular model of oral leukoplakia.

In addition to being causally linked to the formation of multiple tumor types, tobacco use has been associated with decreased efficacy of anticancer treatment and reduced survival time. A detailed understanding of the cellular mechanisms that are affected by tobacco smoke (TS) should facilitate the development of improved preventive and therapeutic strategies. We have investigated the effects of a TS extract on the transcriptome of MSK-Leuk1 cells, a cellular model of oral leukoplakia.

Male age influences oocyte-donor program results.

Background: The purpose of our research was to examine the relationship between male age and semen parameters in a range of ages (from 20s to 60s) in Egg Donation Program (EDP) cycles. EDP provides a pool of high quality oocytes, thus allowing better analysis of the sperm efficacy.

Discussion: The retrospective study population consisted of 484 male partners of patients undergoing EDP in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments.

New molecular diagnostic methods in head and neck cancer.

Initial cancer evaluation includes assessment of histologic appearance, tumor grading, assessment of lymph node status, and presence of metastasis. However, traditional diagnostic methods such as histopathology and radiology are not sensitive enough to detect small numbers of cancer cells and are limited in their ability to predict response to treatment. Recently, there has been considerable progress in molecular diagnostics in these areas.

Intussusception: an uncommon cause of postoperative small bowel obstruction after gastric bypass.

Intussusception of the jejuno-jejunal anastomosis is a rare complication of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). There are only 3 previous cases reported in the surgical literature. We describe 2 adults who developed jejuno-jejunal intussusception requiring emergent laparotomy several months after RYGBP.

Calcium-activated potassium channels mask vascular dysfunction associated with oxidized LDL exposure in rabbit aorta.

Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) plays an important role, possibly through alterations in G-protein activation. We examined the effect of acute exposure to ox-LDL on the dilator responses of isolated rabbit aorta segments.