The influence of local and distant sources of precipitation pollutant emissions in the Western Carpathians in the context of climatic and socio-economic changes.

This study analyses the influence of atmospheric circulation type (ACT) on the basic physical parameters of precipitation, i.e. pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC), during a period of pronounced climate change and socio-economic transformation in the Western Carpathians, focusing on the central portion of the Western Beskids.

Randomised clinical trial: effects of MD-7246 on irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea.

Background: MD-7246, a delayed-release formulation of linaclotide, is designed to target the ileocaecal junction and caecum with the aim of relieving abdominal pain independently of bowel function.

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and dose-response of MD-7246 in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea (IBS-D).

Methods: A randomised, double-blind, phase 2 clinical trial enrolled adult patients with IBS-D (Rome IV criteria).

Linaclotide Reduced Response Time for Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation Symptoms: Analysis of 4 Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: These post hoc analyses provide clinically relevant data concerning time to response for individual irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) symptoms after linaclotide use.

Methods: Time-to-response data were pooled from 4 randomized controlled trials. Response time for abdominal symptoms (pain, discomfort, and bloating) and complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method; patients were categorized as early responders (≤4 weeks), late responders (>4-12 weeks), or nonresponders.

Efficacy of Linaclotide in Reducing Abdominal Symptoms of Bloating, Discomfort, and Pain: A Phase 3B Trial Using a Novel Abdominal Scoring System.

Introduction: Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and constipation in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C). Patients report additional bothersome abdominal symptoms of bloating and discomfort. The intention of this study was to evaluate linaclotide's efficacy in relieving IBS-C-related abdominal symptoms (bloating, discomfort, and pain) using a novel multi-item Abdominal Score (AS).

Randomized Trial of 2 Delayed-Release Formulations of Linaclotide in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation.

Introduction: Immediate-release (IR) formulation of linaclotide 290 μg improves abdominal pain and constipation (APC) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation. Delayed-release (DR) formulations were developed on the premise that targeting the ileum (delayed-release formulation 1 [DR1]) or ileocecal junction and cecum (MD-7246, formerly DR2) would modulate linaclotide's secretory effects while preserving pain relief effects.

Methods: This phase 2b study randomized patients with IBS with constipation to placebo or 1 of 7 once-daily linaclotide doses (DR1 30, 100, or 300 μg; MD-7246 30, 100, or 300 μg; or IR 290 μg) for 12 weeks.

Assessing critical load exceedances and ecosystem impacts of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur deposition at unmanaged forested catchments in Europe.

Anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) compounds and their long-range transport have caused widespread negative impacts on different ecosystems. Critical loads (CLs) are deposition thresholds used to describe the sensitivity of ecosystems to atmospheric deposition. The CL methodology has been a key science-based tool for assessing the environmental consequences of air pollution.

Efficacy and safety of linaclotide for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes from a phase 2 randomized study.

Constipation is the most common adverse event (AE) of opioid therapy. This multicenter, phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treating opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in patients with chronic noncancer pain syndromes (NCT02270983). Adults with OIC (<3 spontaneous bowel movements [SBMs]/week) related to chronic noncancer pain were randomized 1:1:1 to receive linaclotide 145 µg, linaclotide 290 µg, or placebo once daily for 8 weeks.

Safety and tolerability of linaclotide for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: pooled Phase 3 analysis.

Background: Linaclotide is approved for treating irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C; 290 µg QD) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC; 145 µg or 72 µg QD). These analyses aimed to assess linaclotide safety in a large, pooled Phase 3 population.

Methods: In six randomized controlled trials (RCTs), patients received linaclotide (72 µg, 145 µg, 290 µg) or placebo daily for 12-26 weeks; in two long-term safety (LTS) studies, patients received open-label linaclotide for ≤78 additional weeks.

Long-term changes (1990-2015) in the atmospheric deposition and runoff water chemistry of sulphate, inorganic nitrogen and acidity for forested catchments in Europe in relation to changes in emissions and hydrometeorological conditions.

The international Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) encompasses hundreds of long-term research/monitoring sites located in a wide array of ecosystems that can help us understand environmental change across the globe. We evaluated long-term trends (1990-2015) for bulk deposition, throughfall and runoff water chemistry and fluxes, and climatic variables in 25 forested catchments in Europe belonging to the UNECE International Cooperative Programme on Integrated Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Ecosystems (ICP IM). Many of the IM sites form part of the monitoring infrastructures of this larger ILTER network.

Low-Dose Linaclotide (72 μg) for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objectives: Linaclotide is a guanylate cyclase-C agonist approved in the United States, Canada, and Mexico at a once-daily 145-μg dose for the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC); a once-daily 72-μg dose for CIC recently received FDA approval. The trial objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a 72-μg linaclotide dose in CIC patients.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized patients with CIC (Rome III criteria) to once-daily linaclotide 72 μg or 145 μg, or placebo for 12 weeks.

Pantoprazole provides rapid and sustained symptomatic relief in patients treated for erosive oesophagitis.

Background: Effective symptom control is a primary concern of most heartburn suffers.

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole, placebo and the H2 antagonist nizatidine in relieving symptoms in patients with erosive oesophagitis.

Methods: Data from two randomized, double-blind studies were pooled.

Prevention of erosive oesophagitis relapse with pantoprazole.

Aim: To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole and ranitidine in maintaining erosive oesophagitis healing.

Methods: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients (349) with endoscopically documented healed erosive oesophagitis (grade 0 or 1) were randomly assigned to receive pantoprazole (10, 20 or 40 mg/q.d.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori by 7-day triple-therapy regimens combining pantoprazole with clarithromycin, metronidazole, or amoxicillin in patients with peptic ulcer disease: results of two double-blind, randomized studies.

Aim: To compare the short-term (7-day) safety and efficacy of two triple-therapy regimens using pantoprazole with those of two dual-therapy regimens (one with pantoprazole and one without), for Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

Methods: H. pylori infection was identified by rapid urease (CLOtest), and confirmed by histology and culture.

Maintenance oral pantoprazole therapy is effective for patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and idiopathic hypersecretion.

Objective: Maintenance proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy is effective for gastric acid hypersecretory states, although data with pantoprazole are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of long term p.o.

[A case of partial hearing recovery after ablation of cerebello-pontine angle neurinoma].

A case of a 44 year-old woman farmer with a total deafness and lack of vestibular function on the left side operated upon the cerebello-pontine cystic neuroma 2.5 x 2.0 x 1.

Pantoprazole maintenance therapy prevents relapse of erosive oesophagitis.

Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole with ranitidine for the maintenance of endoscopically documented healed (grade 0 or 1) erosive oesophagitis.

Methods: Patients (371) were randomly assigned to receive pantoprazole 10, 20 or 40 mg or ranitidine 150 mg. Endoscopies were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months or when symptoms suggesting relapse (grade = 2) developed.

Comparison of the efficacy of pantoprazole vs. nizatidine in the treatment of erosive oesophagitis: a randomized, active-controlled, double-blind study.

Background: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor approved for the treatment of erosive oesophagitis and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of pantoprazole vs. nizatidine for the treatment of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and endoscopically documented erosive oesophagitis (grade > or = 2).

Proton pump activation in stimulated parietal cells is regulated by gastric acid secretory capacity: a human study.

Under normal physiological conditions, gastric acid production is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism. Proton pump inhibitors, such as pantoprazole, inhibit gastric acid secretion by irreversibly binding and inactivating luminally active hydrogen potassium ATPase. Recovery of acid production after treatment with a proton pump inhibitor is driven by new pump synthesis, activation of existing cytoplasmic pumps, or reversal of proton pump inhibition.

Dose-dependent control of intragastric pH by pantoprazole, 10, 20 or 40 mg, in healthy volunteers.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors have emerged as the most effective class of drugs for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that has demonstrated high clinical efficacy.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of once-daily doses of pantoprazole, 10, 20 and 40 mg, on gastric acidity in healthy volunteers.

Replacement of oral proton pump inhibitors with intravenous pantoprazole to effectively control gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Objectives: In patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) or other conditions requiring oral doses of proton pump inhibitors, it frequently becomes necessary to use parenterally administered gastric acid inhibitors. However, i.v.

Comparative efficacy of new investigational agents against Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Emergence of antibiotic resistant Helicobacter pylori has necessitated the identification of alternate therapies for the treatment of this infection.

Aim: To assess the in vitro efficacy of two investigational agents: DMG-MINO CL 344 (a N,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline), and davercin, a cyclic carbonate of erythromycin A as compared to older antibiotics (clarithromcyin, azithromycin, minocycline, tetracycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefixime) against clinical isolates of H. pylori.

Oral pantoprazole for erosive esophagitis: a placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Pantoprazole US GERD Study Group.

Objectives: The aim of this dose-response study was to compare the effectiveness of 10 mg, 20 mg, and 40 mg of pantoprazole with that of placebo tablets in the healing and symptom relief of gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with erosive esophagitis, and to determine the optimal dose.

Methods: A total of 603 patients with endoscopically confirmed (Hetzel-Dent scale) erosive esophagitis of grade 2 (64.5%) or grades 3 or 4 (35.

Intravenous pantoprazole rapidly controls gastric acid hypersecretion in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Background & Aims: Parenteral control of gastric acid hypersecretion in conditions such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES) or idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion is necessary perioperatively or when oral medications cannot be taken for other reasons (e.g., during chemotherapy, acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or in intensive care unit settings).

Secretin, cholecystokinin and the biliary canalicular secretion in the rat.

An attempt has been made to further assess which fraction of bile can be stimulated by the main gastrointestinal hormones in rats. In the cannulated conscious animals the i.v.

Withdrawal of the aldose reductase inhibitor tolrestat in patients with diabetic neuropathy: effect on nerve function. The Tolrestat Study Group.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to study the effects of discontinuing tolrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on peripheral sensorimotor diabetic neuropathy. After an average of 4.2 years of continuous tolrestat use, 372 patients were randomly assigned to either placebo or continued tolrestat therapy and were followed for 52 weeks.