Factors Predicting the Off-treatment Duration in Patients with Prostate Cancer Receiving Degarelix as Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy.

Background: Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IAD) is commonly used in prostate cancer because of the benefits of the off-treatment period (OTP). The off-treatment time for patients depends on cancer progression, often measured as a rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA).

Objective: To evaluate if certain factors can predict OTP duration following 7-mo degarelix therapy.

Omission of doxorubicin from the treatment of stage II-III, intermediate-risk Wilms' tumour (SIOP WT 2001): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Before this study started, the standard postoperative chemotherapy regimen for stage II-III Wilms' tumour pretreated with chemotherapy was to include doxorubicin. However, avoidance of doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity effects is important to improve long-term outcomes for childhood cancers that have excellent prognosis. We aimed to assess whether doxorubicin can be omitted safely from chemotherapy for stage II-III, histological intermediate-risk Wilms' tumour when a newly defined high-risk blastemal subtype was excluded from randomisation.

Degarelix as an intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for one or more treatment cycles in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: Guidelines for prostate cancer treatment suggest that intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) can be considered for certain patients.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of degarelix as IAD for one or more treatment cycle(s) in prostate cancer patients requiring androgen deprivation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This open-label uncontrolled multicenter study included patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >4 to 50 ng/ml or PSA doubling time <24 mo.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in children on La Réunion Island: a new inherited disorder?

Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is very rare in children. Only a few small series have been published, with little information about long-term progression. The objective of our study was to describe the clinical, radiological and pathological features, and the long-term course of PAP in a cohort of 34 children from La Réunion Island.

Long-term tolerability and efficacy of degarelix: 5-year results from a phase III extension trial with a 1-arm crossover from leuprolide to degarelix.

Objective: To demonstrate the safety and efficacy of up to 5 years of degarelix treatment and the effects of crossing over from leuprolide to degarelix in the extension phase of a phase III pivotal 1-year trial.

Methods: Patients receiving degarelix who completed the 1-year trial continued on 80 mg (n = 125) or 160 mg (n = 126) maintenance doses. Patients who received leuprolide were rerandomized to degarelix 240/80 mg (n = 69) or 240/160 mg (n = 65).

Malformations, genetic abnormalities, and Wilms tumor.

Background: Wilms Tumor (WT) can occur in association with tumor predisposition syndromes and/or with clinical malformations. These associations have not been fully characterized at a clinical and molecular genetic level. This study aims to describe clinical malformations, genetic abnormalities, and tumor predisposition syndromes in patients with WT and to propose guidelines regarding indications for clinical and molecular genetic explorations.

miRNA profiles as a predictor of chemoresponsiveness in Wilms' tumor blastema.

The current SIOP treatment protocol for Wilms' tumor involves pre-operative chemotherapy followed by nephrectomy. Not all patients benefit equally from such chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to generate a miRNA profile of chemo resistant blastemal cells in high risk Wilms' tumors which might serve as predictive markers of therapeutic response at the pre-treatment biopsy stage.

Standardization of Gleason grading among 337 European pathologists.

Aims:   The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) modification of Gleason grading recommended that the highest grade should always be included in the Gleason score (GS) in prostate biopsies. We analysed the impact of this recommendation on reporting of GS 6 versus 7.

Methods And Results:   Fifteen expert uropathologists reached two-thirds consensus on 15 prostate biopsies with GS 6-7 cancer.

The effect of baseline testosterone on the efficacy of degarelix and leuprolide: further insights from a 12-month, comparative, phase III study in prostate cancer patients.

Objective: To investigate the effects of baseline testosterone on testosterone control and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) suppression using data from a phase III trial (CS21) comparing degarelix and leuprolide in prostate cancer.

Methods: In CS21, patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer (all stages) were randomized to degarelix 240 mg for 1 month followed by monthly maintenance doses of 80 or 160 mg, or leuprolide 7.5 mg/month.

Utility of whole slide imaging and virtual microscopy in prostate pathology.

Whole slide imaging (WSI) has been used in conjunction with virtual microscopy (VM) for training or proficiency testing purposes, multicentre research, remote frozen section diagnosis and to seek specialist second opinion in a number of organ systems. The feasibility of using WSI/VM for routine surgical pathology reporting has also been explored. In this review, we discuss the utility and limitations of WSI/VM technology in the histological assessment of specimens from the prostate.

An update on the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main treatment approach in advanced prostate cancer and in recent years has primarily involved the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. However, despite their efficacy, GnRH agonists have several drawbacks associated with their mode of action. These include an initial testosterone surge and testosterone microsurges on repeat administration.

A phase III extension trial with a 1-arm crossover from leuprolide to degarelix: comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist effect on prostate cancer.

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy and safety of degarelix treatment and the effects of switching from leuprolide to degarelix in an ongoing extension study with a median 27.5-month followup of a pivotal 1-year prostate cancer trial.

Materials And Methods: Patients who completed a 1-year pivotal phase III trial continued on the same monthly degarelix maintenance dose (160 or 80 mg in 125 each), or were re-randomized from leuprolide 7.

Interactive digital slides with heat maps: a novel method to improve the reproducibility of Gleason grading.

Our aims were to analyze reporting of Gleason pattern (GP) 3 and 4 prostate cancer with the ISUP 2005 Gleason grading and to collect consensus cases for standardization. We scanned 25 prostate biopsy cores diagnosed as Gleason score (GS) 6-7. Fifteen genitourinary pathologists graded the digital slides and circled GP 4 and 5 in a slide viewer.

Handling and reporting of transurethral resection specimens of the bladder in Europe: a web-based survey by the European Network of Uropathology (ENUP).

Aims: To collect of information about European practices on handling and reporting of transurethral resection specimens of the bladder.

Methods And Results: The European Network of Uropathology is a communication network that includes 335 pathology laboratories in 15 western European countries. A web-based questionnaire was answered by 52.

Transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EB renal cell carcinomas: clinical features, biological behavior and prognostic factors.

Purpose: Translocation renal cell carcinomas represent a distinct clinicopathological entity. Studying the natural history, biological behavior and potential prognostic factors are crucially warranted.

Materials And Methods: We selected 54 patients with renal cell carcinoma with positive nuclear transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EB expression from the Juvenile RCC Network.

[New perspectives in prostate cancer management].

The treatment of prostate cancer is experiencing important innovations. Hormone therapy includes a new class of drugs: LHRH antagonists, which induce a rapid, fast and sustained reduction of testosterone levels. Active surveillance enables to avoid an aggressive treatment without decreasing survival, provided that strict eligibility and follow-up criteria are applied.

Diffuse chondroid malformation of the lung: cases series of a hitherto undescribed congenital lung disease.

Congenital chondroid lesions of the lung are rare pathological findings. They are a constant feature of lung malformations such as giant cystic pulmonary chondroid hamartoma, chondroid cystic malformation, and in the "cartilaginous variant" of congenital adenomatoid malformation. All of these present as a large single thoracic mass.

[Synthesis of the guidelines for the treatment of non-neurological urinary incontinence in women].

The last two decades have brought about new medical and surgical treatments revolutionizing care for non-neurological urinary incontinence in women. Many studies, often randomized prospective studies with sufficient follow-up, have validated the therapeutic choices and shown them not to be part of a fad or marketing pressures. The French Association of Urology (L'Association Française d'Urologie), through its Committee on Women's Urology and Pelviperineology (Comité d'Urologie et de Pelvipérinéologie de la Femme), proposes its recommendations.

[Guidelines for the conventional surgical indications for urinary stress incontinence in women (colposuspension, aponeurotic support of the bladder neck].

The equivalence of the functional results of the suburethral sling and open colposuspension and the greater morbidity of colposuspension is such that the indications for traditional surgery correspond to the contraindications for suburethral sling: there no longer seem to be but few indications for supporting the bladder neck using an aponeurotic swing; caution recommends preferring colposuspension when the functional result of placing a suburethral sling risks being compromised by either vaginal trophicity abnormalities or previous repair to the urethra such as suburethral diverticulum or urethrovaginal fistula. Laparoscopic colposuspension is not recommended to treat urinary stress incontinence in women. This technique may be warranted if other laparoscopic procedures are necessary and should be carried out by an experienced surgeon trained in this approach.