[CHARACTERISTICS OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS].

Diabetes mellitus is a most important medical and social problem in Russia. Osteoarthropathy, osteopenia and osteoporosis are chronic complications of diabetes. There is no consensus on the pathogenetic mechanisms of development of changes of the bone tissue in this pathology.

Moscow hospital school - a pionner of military-medical education in Russia.

The article is devoted to 310-anniversary of the publication of the decree of Peter I on the construction of a military hospital In ivioscow wnere in 1i wa opened a hospital school for 50 students for the training of doctors, which became the first regular medical educational institution in Russia. In 1786 hospital schools were reformed into hospital medical-surgical colleges and in 1798 two of them into the Medical-Surgical Academies. These medical institutions were the main in training of medical staff and played a significant role in medical ensuring in Russia in XVIII century.

[Main types of activity of specialists of medical and preventive profile in military hospitals].

Infection prevention in medical organizations is an essential task to ensure quality of medical care and create a safe environment for patients and medical staff. The main task of a specialist of medical and preventive profile in the hospital is to maintain sanitary and epidemiological safety and control fulfillment of a complex of preventive measures. To achieve these goals specialists monitor epidemiological and microbiological fulfilment of the implementation and effectiveness of preventive measures, which allow to except infection entry to the hospital and possible carrying out beyond the hospital, occurrence and spread of disease.

[Applicability of the problem of peptic ulcer in modern gastroenterology, military-and-medical and medical-and-social assessment].

The round-up article is devoted to the history of gastroenterology. The authors deal with a subject of aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment of diseases associated with destruction of mucous coat of GI tract. The main criteria of military-and-medical and medical-and-social assessment used in evaluation of patients with different forms of peptic ulcer are performed.

[Changes of lipid metabolism in cardiac failure patients with rheumatic heart disease].

Aim: The study of lipid metabolism parameters involved in lipid mechanisms of damage and elucidation of their role in disorders of central hemodynamics (CH), microcirculation (MC) and oxygenation (OG) of peripheral tissues in cardiac failures (CF) in rheumatic patients.

Materials And Methods: In 55 patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with CF measurements were made of serum characteristics of peroxidation-antioxidant balance, activity of phospholipase A2, concentration of nonesterifized fatty acids, total lipids, total phospholipids, total, ether-bound and free cholesterol, skin OG and MC. Tetrapolar chest rheography was followed by calculation CH parameters.

[Medical engineering complexes for automated insulin therapy of diabetes].

The paper deals with the automatization of therapy for diabetes, one of the metabolic diseases, which is based on medical engineering complexes to provide an accurate correction of abrupt-onset highly progressive pathological processes and to ensure the maximum physiological adequacy of therapy. The paper also gives results of numerous investigations of medical engineering complexes for automatic insulin therapy and reveals the tends and problems concerned with their development.

[The epidemiology of osteoporotic fractures in the population of the city of Yaroslavl].

Prevalence and types of hip and spinal fractures were studied in Yaroslavl citizens aged > 50 years. In 1985 prevalence of hip fractures was 36.41 per 100000, in 1993-145, 84 per 100000.

Electrolyte metabolic changes in rats during and after exposure to hypokinesia.

The objective of this study was to determine fluid-electrolyte changes in male Wistar rats during 90 days of hypokinesia (decreased motor activity) and 15 days posthypokinesia. The animals were divided into two groups: rats subjected to hypokinesia served as experimental animals and rats placed under vivarium conditions served as control animals. The hypokinetic effect was carried out by keeping the experimental rats in small individual cages which restricted all their movements without hindering food and water intake.

[Epidemiology of hip fractures in age groups at high risk for osteoporosis].

In accordance with the program on osteoporosis epidemiology in subjects over 50, a retrospective study of hip fracture incidence in populations of two Russian towns (Elektrostal and Yaroslavl) was performed. The total population of Elektrostal and Yaroslavl is above 100000 and 600000, respectively. The analysis of medical records of the traumatological departments of the central city hospitals where patients with hip fractures have been admitted and files from outpatient traumatological stations was performed for 1986-1991 and 1982-1991.

[The risk factors for unfavorable outcomes in rheumatism].

A prospective study was made of environmental factors effects on unfavorable cardial and cerebral outcomes of rheumatic fever (RF) assessed functionally, biochemically and psychologically. Some of RF predisposing factors (female sex, frequent nasopharyngeal infections, poor housing and occupational conditions) negatively affect outcomes of primary RF and contribute to emergence of valvular disease. The initial attack of activity I or III degree, pronounced carditis, active rheumatic process at discharge, recurrences, absence of year-round prophylaxis allow prognostication of valvular heart disease.

[The prevalence of and risk factors for osteoarthrosis in workers in tire manufacture].

The data of epidemiological studies of rheumatic diseases, carried out at the Yaroslavl tire factory among 2508 workers are provided. Overall 845 subjects afflicted with different rheumatic diseases were identified. The prevalence of osteoarthrosis of the peripheral joints was 12.

[Effect of nitroglycerine on cerebral blood flow and central hemodynamics in patients with chronic heart failure].

The study of the cerebral and central hemodynamics by tetrapolar and chest rheography in 53 patients with various stages of chronic heart failure has shown that the intravenous injection of nitroglycerin exerts a marked vasodilating peripheral effect in patients with pronounced cardiac failure while having no significant influence on cardiac output. The cerebral blood flow increases following nitroglycerin injection which permits recommending the drug for use to improve the cerebral hemodynamics in patients with severe forms of cardiac failure.