Population trends of insect pollinators in a species-rich tropical rainforest: stable trends but contrasting patterns across taxa.

Recent reports of insect decline have raised concerns regarding population responses of ecologically important groups, such as insect pollinators. Additionally, how population trends vary across pollinator taxonomic groups and degree of specialization is unclear. Here, we analyse 14 years of abundance data (2009-2022) for 38 species of native insect pollinators, including a range of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera specialists and generalists from the tropical rainforest of Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

STOP-HCV-HCC Program: Privacy-Preserving Innovation for Remote Data Access Analytics at Federally Qualified Health Centers in South Texas.

STOP-HCV-HCC program to screen and treat hepatitis C, vaccinate for hepatitis B, and prevent hepatocellular carcinoma is implementing a cloud-based privacy-preserving platform to overcome electronic health record barriers to reporting, without data transfer, at four federally qualified health centers in South Texas, USA.

Qualitative Evaluation of a Program to Integrate Hepatitis C Care Into HIV Care Inclusive of Task Shifting to Nonspecialist Providers.

The treatment and cure of hepatitis C (HCV) in people with HIV is particularly important as progression of their liver disease is quicker compared with those who have HCV monoinfection. Innovative approaches are needed to maximize access to curative HCV treatment. Integration of HCV care into HIV primary care with education and support of nonspecialist providers via telementoring offers a solution to specialist workforce shortages.

Comparison of traditional and DNA metabarcoding samples for monitoring tropical soil arthropods (Formicidae, Collembola and Isoptera).

The soil fauna of the tropics remains one of the least known components of the biosphere. Long-term monitoring of this fauna is hampered by the lack of taxonomic expertise and funding. These obstacles may potentially be lifted with DNA metabarcoding.

More winners than losers over 12 years of monitoring tiger moths (Erebidae: Arctiinae) on Barro Colorado Island, Panama.

Understanding the causes and consequences of insect declines has become an important goal in ecology, particularly in the tropics, where most terrestrial diversity exists. Over the past 12 years, the ForestGEO Arthropod Initiative has systematically monitored multiple insect groups on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, providing baseline data for assessing long-term population trends. Here, we estimate the rates of change in abundance among 96 tiger moth species on BCI.

Impacts on patient-centered outcomes of a chronic pain self-management program in a rural community: A feasibility study.

This study explored if a self-management training program was feasible for a predominantly older rural Latino adults with chronic pain who had limited access to non-pharmacologically based pain treatment. Physical therapy doctoral students delivered the six-week low-literacy low-cost patient-centered program. The intervention was feasible to the participants (n=38) who showed improvement in a majority of the eight outcome measures at 6-week posttest and three measures at 18-week followup.

Educating Primary Care Providers and Associate Care Providers About Hepatitis C Screening of Baby Boomers: a Multi-practice Study.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite higher prevalence of HCV in persons born 1945-1965 (baby boomer), screening has not been widely adopted. Both primary care providers (PCPs) and associate care providers (ACPs) need to be educated about the rationale and methods to screen for HCV.

Hepatitis C Virus Screening and Care: Complexity of Implementation in Primary Care Practices Serving Disadvantaged Populations.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects disadvantaged communities.

Objective: To examine processes and outcomes of Screen, Treat, Or Prevent Hepatocellular Carcinoma (STOP HCC), a multicomponent intervention for HCV screening and care in safety-net primary care practices.

Design: Mixed-methods retrospective analysis.

Significant Increase in Risk of Fibrosis or Cirrhosis at Time of HCV Diagnosis for Hispanics With Diabetes and Obesity Compared With Other Ethnic Groups.

Background & Aims: Advanced liver disease, which includes fibrosis and cirrhosis, has been reported to be more prevalent in Hispanics patients at the time of diagnosis of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection than non-Hispanic black or non-Hispanic white patients. We performed a propensity score-matched analysis to determine whether metabolic risk factors contribute to this disparity.

Methods: We collected data from persons with 748 HCV infection (22% Hispanic, 53% non-Hispanic black, and 26% non-Hispanic white; 23% with advanced liver disease), born from 1945 through 1965, diagnosed at 6 health care systems in Texas.

Chronic Pain Self-Management Program for Low-Income Patients: Themes from a Qualitative Inquiry.

Objective: To examine factors influencing initial engagement, ongoing participation, learned behaviors, and subjective functional outcomes after a trial of the Living Better Beyond Pain (LBBP) chronic pain self-management program.

Design: Qualitative study using the Grounded Theory approach.

Setting: Two 60-minute focus groups and phone interviews in May 2017.

Randomized Trial of a Low-Literacy Chronic Pain Self-Management Program: Analysis of Secondary Pain and Psychological Outcome Measures.

Based on input of rural, largely Hispanic persons with chronic pain, a low-literacy, 6-month self-management program was developed, drawing on elements of existing pain toolkits. In a randomized trial, low-income, primarily Hispanic patients with chronic pain received the program in 6 sessions of 1-on-1 meetings with a trained health educator in clinic or in 8 group lectures by experts in the community. Intention-to-treat analyses in linear mixed-effects models were conducted for 5 secondary outcomes at 6 months, including Brief Pain Inventory pain severity and interference, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 12-Item Short-Form Survey Mental Component Summary, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11.

Randomized Trial of Chronic Pain Self-Management Program in the Community or Clinic for Low-Income Primary Care Patients.

Background: Patients with chronic pain often lack the skills and resources necessary to manage this disease.

Objective: To develop a chronic pain self-management program reflecting community stakeholders' priorities and to compare functional outcomes from training in two settings.

Design: A parallel-group randomized trial.

Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in the Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patient.

Background: After acute coronary syndrome, guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for a period of 12 months for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. However, the risk of recurrent ischemic events can persist beyond 12 months, and there has been much debate regarding the benefits of prolonging dual antiplatelet therapy in certain patient populations.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to investigate the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in the post-acute coronary syndrome patient.

The Saturniidae of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: A model taxon for studying the long-term effects of climate change?

We have little knowledge of the response of invertebrate assemblages to climate change in tropical ecosystems, and few studies have compiled long-term data on invertebrates from tropical rainforests. We provide an updated list of the 72 species of Saturniidae moths collected on Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama, during the period 1958-2016. This list will serve as baseline data for assessing long-term changes of saturniids on BCI in the future, as 81% of the species can be identified by their unique DNA Barcode Index Number, including four cryptic species not yet formally described.

The association between chronotype and perceived academic stress to depression in medical students.

Depression is a multifactorial illness that is highly prevalent among medical students (MS). Chronotypes, which reflect circadian preference in humans, as well as academic stress have been associated with depression in different populations. However, it is not known how chronotype and stress might alone or in combination, associate with depression in MS.

Ivabradine, a novel medication for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Purpose: To critically evaluate current literature, review pharmacology, and discuss clinical role of ivabradine for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction.

Data Sources: A PubMed search was conducted using the search terms ivabradine and HF. All human studies analyzing the use of ivabradine in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and prescribing information were evaluated.

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Focus on Antiplatelet Therapy.

The American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology in 2014 published a focused update of the 2007 and 2012 guidelines for non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is described in a separate guideline published in 2013. The focused updates to the guidelines contain updated recommendations for dual antiplatelet therapy, including use of the P2Y12 inhibitor ticagrelor, which was recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

The Butterflies of Barro Colorado Island, Panama: Local Extinction since the 1930s.

Few data are available about the regional or local extinction of tropical butterfly species. When confirmed, local extinction was often due to the loss of host-plant species. We used published lists and recent monitoring programs to evaluate changes in butterfly composition on Barro Colorado Island (BCI, Panama) between an old (1923-1943) and a recent (1993-2013) period.

Apathy in Parkinson's disease: neurophysiological evidence of impaired incentive processing.

Apathy is one of the most common and debilitating nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) and is characterized by diminished motivation, decreased goal-directed behavior, and flattened affect. Despite its high prevalence, its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood, having been associated with executive dysfunction, and impaired emotional processing and decision making. Apathy, as a syndrome, has recently been associated with reduced activation in the ventral striatum, suggesting that early- to middle-stage Parkinson's disease patients with this manifestation may have a compromised mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathway and impaired incentive processing.

Effect of CYP2D6 on risperidone pharmacokinetics and extrapyramidal symptoms in healthy volunteers: results from a pharmacogenetic clinical trial.

Aim: To elucidate the relationship between CYP2D6 genotype and risperidone pharmacokinetics and extrapyramidal symptoms we propose the APSEP pharmacogenetic clinical trial.

Materials & Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects were included in this randomized, placebo-controlled, single dose (risperidone 2.5 mg) crossover and double-blind clinical trial.

Relationship between CYP2D6 genotype and haloperidol pharmacokinetics and extrapyramidal symptoms in healthy volunteers.

Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between CYP2D6 genotype and haloperidol pharmacokinetics and induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPSs).

Materials & Methods: Twenty five healthy subjects were included in this randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose (5 mg) crossover and double-blind clinical trial, selected according to their CYP2D6 genotype and classified as poor metabolizers (n = 8), extensive metabolizers (n = 10) and ultrarapid metabolizers (n = 7).

Results & Conclusion: We confirm that CYP2D6 genotype partially determines haloperidol metabolism and the rate of EPSs measured as wakefulness activity by actigraphy.

Placental effects of systemic tumour necrosis factor-α in an animal model of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may adversely affect fetoplacental interaction. Numerous reports demonstrate that GDM women have increased circulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF), a pro-apoptotic peptide.

Objective: To examine whether implantation site apoptosis is increased by exogenous TNF in mice heterozygous for a defective leptin receptor (db/+), a GDM animal model.

Characterization of a gene cluster involved in 4-chlorocatechol degradation by Pseudomonas reinekei MT1.

Pseudomonas reinekei MT1 has previously been reported to degrade 4- and 5-chlorosalicylate by a pathway with 4-chlorocatechol, 3-chloromuconate, 4-chloromuconolactone, and maleylacetate as intermediates, and a gene cluster channeling various salicylates into an intradiol cleavage route has been reported. We now report that during growth on 5-chlorosalicylate, besides a novel (chloro)catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, C12O(ccaA), a novel (chloro)muconate cycloisomerase, MCI(ccaB), which showed features not yet reported, was induced. This cycloisomerase, which was practically inactive with muconate, evolved for the turnover of 3-substituted muconates and transforms 3-chloromuconate into equal amounts of cis-dienelactone and protoanemonin, suggesting that it is a functional intermediate between chloromuconate cycloisomerases and muconate cycloisomerases.

Trans-3-phenyl-2-propenoic acid (cinnamic acid) derivatives: structure-activity relationship as hepatoprotective agents.

Among various phenolic compounds, caffeic acid (3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) exhibited pharmacological antioxidant, anticancer and antimutagenic activities. The antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds depend on their chemical structure, however, the role of the ethylenic side chain in the radical scavenging activity remains controversial. Thus, the aim of this study consisted to test cinnamic acid and 15 cinnamic acid derivatives in the well known CCl(4)-induced acute liver damage model, which is dependent on oxidative stress mechanisms.