Towards carbon neutrality and China's 14th Five-Year Plan: Clean energy transition, sustainable urban development, and investment priorities.

China's 14th Five-Year Plan, for the period 2021-25, presents a real opportunity for China to link its long-term climate goals with its short-to medium-term social and economic development plans. China's recent commitment to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 has set a clear direction for its economy, but requires ratcheting up ambition on its near-term climate policy. Against this background, this paper discusses major action areas for China's 14th Five-Year Plan after COVID-19, especially focusing on three aspects: the energy transition, a new type of sustainable urban development, and investment priorities.

International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG) consensus recommendations: Routine peri-operative pediatric tracheotomy care.

Objectives: To develop consensus recommendations for peri-operative tracheotomy care in pediatric patients.

Methods: Expert opinion by the members of the International Pediatric Otolaryngology Group (IPOG). The mission of the IPOG is to develop expertise-based consensus recommendations for the management of pediatric otolaryngologic disorders with the goal of improving patient care.

The components of the female athlete triad do not identify all physically active females at risk.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.

In vivo biostability of polyether polyurethanes with fluoropolymer surface modifying endgroups: resistance to biologic oxidation and stress cracking.

A series of Shore 80A polyether polyurethanes were synthesized with from 0 to 6% fluoropolymer surface modifying endgroups (SME) to provide the bulk properties of the polyurethane with the surface properties of the fluoropolymer. It was theorized that the fluoropolymer would migrate to the surface, forming a monolayer barrier to the oxidants and crack-driving agents released by macrophages and foreign body giant cells in vivo. In a 12-week biostability screening test, samples strained to 400% elongation appeared to be highly stable.

In vivo biostability of polysiloxane polyether polyurethanes: resistance to metal ion oxidation.

Polyether polyurethanes are subject to oxidation catalyzed by and through direct (redox) reaction with transition metal ions (cobalt), released by corrosion of metallic parts in an implanted device. Replacing part of the polyether with polysiloxane appears to reduce susceptibility to metal ion oxidation (MIO). In vitro studies indicated that polyurethanes containing 20-35% polysiloxane (PS-20 and PS-35) are about optimum.

In vivo biostability of polyether polyurethanes with polyethylene oxide surface-modifying end groups; resistance to biologic oxidation and stress cracking.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO) on polymer surfaces has been reported to reduce cellular adhesion, a very desirable property for cardiac pacing leads. A Shore 80A polyether polyurethane with up to 6% PEO surface-modifying end groups (SME) was evaluated for its chronic in vivo biostability. In a short-term (12 week) screening test, strained samples appeared to develop the same surface oxidation as unmodified polymer, but did not produce visible cracking > or =500x, prompting a longer-term study.