More than just tissue diagnosis in a patient with maxillofacial bony lesions and hypercalcemia.

Brown tumors are a definitive feature of hyperparathyroidism. They are well-demarcated osteolytic lesions commonly in the appendicular skeleton. Primary hyperparathyroidism is typically suggested by hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia on routine labs.

Partial auricular reconstruction.

The authors summarize current methods for reconstructing partial auricular defects resulting from trauma, neoplasm, or congenital defects. They also review the anatomy and embryology of the ear as this is critical for proper reconstruction. Defects of the auricle are divided into upper-third, middle-third, and lower-third defects.

Functional reinnervation of vocal folds after selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation surgery for spasmodic dysphonia.

Selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation surgery (SLAD-R) offers a viable surgical alternative for patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia refractory to botulinum toxin injections. SLAD-R selectively denervates the symptomatic thyroarytenoid muscle by dividing the distal adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and preventing reinnervation, by the proximal RLN and maintaining vocal fold bulk and tone by reinnervating the distal RLN with the ansa cervicalis. We present a patient who had previously undergone successful SLAD-R but presented 10 years postoperatively with a new regional dystonia involving his strap muscles translocated to his reinnervated larynx by his previous ansa-RLN neurorraphy.

Brachytherapy-mediated bone damage in a rat model investigating maxillary osteoradionecrosis.

Objectives: To assess clinical and radiologic findings from targeted radiotherapy to the rat maxilla and to compare findings with a recently developed rat model of mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

Design: A prospective, controlled animal study.

Subjects: Ten male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group receiving catheter-assisted high-dose-rate brachytherapy (n = 6) and a control group with catheter-assisted sham therapy (n = 4).

Standardized analysis of mandibular osteoradionecrosis in a rat model.

Objective: To develop a rat model of mandibular osteoradionecrosis(ORN) that uses novel micro-computed tomography bone volume analysis and detailed histology to provide a more effective, quantifiable, and standardized way to study ORN in vivo.

Study Design: Animal model.

Setting: Academic medical center.

Useful landmarks in arytenoid adduction and laryngeal reinnervation surgery.

Objective: Knowledge of the location of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage and the recurrent laryngeal nerve is essential to performing a successful arytenoid adduction and laryngeal reinnervation surgery. We describe external landmarks useful in locating these structures.

Study Design: Cadaveric laryngeal dissection.

Acute secondary adrenal insufficiency after traumatic brain injury: a prospective study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, time course, clinical characteristics, and effect of adrenal insufficiency (AI) after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Design: Prospective intensive care unit-based cohort study.

Setting: Three level 1 trauma centers.