Long-term safety of gantenerumab in participants with Alzheimer's disease: A phase III, open-label extension study (SCarlet RoAD).

Background: Gantenerumab is a fully human anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody for subcutaneous (SC) administration. The efficacy and safety of low-dose (105 mg or 225 mg) gantenerumab were investigated in SCarlet RoAD (SR; NCT01224106), a Phase III, double-blind (DB), placebo-controlled study in participants with prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Following a pre-planned futility analysis, SR was converted into an open-label extension (OLE) study.

FACEmemory, an Innovative Self-Administered Online Memory Assessment Tool.

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are currently underdiagnosed in the community, and early detection of cognitive deficits is crucial for timely intervention. FACEmemory, the first completely self-administered online memory test with voice recognition, has been launched as an accessible tool to detect such deficits. This study aims to investigate the neuropsychological associations between FACEmemory subscores and cognitive composites derived from traditional paper-and-pencil neuropsychological tests and to develop an optimal algorithm using FACEmemory data and demographics to discriminate cognitively healthy (CH) individuals from those with MCI.

Associations of plasma SMOC1 and soluble IL6RA levels with the progression from mild cognitive impairment to dementia.

Despite the central role attributed to neuroinflammation in the etiology and pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the direct link between levels of inflammatory mediators in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments, as well as their potential implications for AD diagnosis and progression, remains inconclusive. Moreover, there is debate on whether inflammation has a protective or detrimental effect on disease onset and progression. Indeed, distinct immunological mechanisms may govern protective and damaging effects at early and late stages, respectively.

Head-to-head comparison of tau PET tracers [F]PI-2620 and [F]RO948 in non-demented individuals with brain amyloid deposition: the TAU-PET FACEHBI cohort.

Background: Second-generation tau tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) show high affinity for paired helical filaments tau deposits characteristic of Alzheimer´s disease and low off-target binding. Differences in their chemical structure though may lead to variations in their regional tau uptake and off-target signal. In this work, we aimed to compare the in-vivo uptake of tau tracers [F]PI-2620 and [F]RO948 in the early stages of the AD continuum.

NK1 receptor blockade disrupts microtumor growth and aggregation in a three-dimensional murine breast cancer model.

Several data indicate that Substance P (SP) neurokinin type 1 receptor (NK1R) is at the center of the interaction between cancer cells and peripheral sensory neurons. Selecting the appropriate cancer cell line and its susceptibility to being modulated by NK1 antagonists are critical to studying this complex interaction. In the current study, we have focused on this selection by comparing several aspects of the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line (MDA-MB-231) with a modified murine cell line (E0771), both expressing luciferase.

The impact of the EVLP on the lung microbiome and its inflammatory reaction.

The pulmonary microbiome has emerged as a significant factor in respiratory health and diseases. Despite the sterile conditions maintained during lung perfusion (EVLP), the use of antibiotics in the perfuse liquid can lead to dynamic changes in the lung microbiome. Here, we present the design of a study that aims to investigate the hypothesis that EVLP alters the lung microbiome and induces tissue inflammation.

Human-directed sociability in the domestic dog: A Tinbergian approach.

The motivation to interact with humans is central to dogs' domestication process. This review aims to provide a curated overview of the current knowledge about dogs' human-directed sociability using Tinbergen's four questions as a guiding framework. Firstly, we explore its evolutionary history, discussing wolf-dog differences in the socialization period, fear response, sociability, and attachment to elucidate the effect of domestication.

Amyloid-Related Imaging Abnormalities in Clinical Trials of Gantenerumab in Early Alzheimer Disease.

Importance: Data from 2 phase 3 studies of gantenerumab, GRADUATE I/II, and their open-label extensions represent a resource to further characterize amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), including long-term sequelae.

Objectives: To describe the characteristics of ARIA and risk factors and clinical consequences of ARIA-edema (ARIA-E).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Secondary data collection from the GRADUATE I/II phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 116-week parallel-group studies and their open-label extensions, including PostGraduate, with up to 210 (mean, 125) weeks of total gantenerumab treatment were conducted between 2018 and 2023.

Changes in choroidal thickness quantified by Optical Coherence Tomography across cognitive impairment: data from the NORFACE cohort.

Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables high-resolution imaging of ocular structures in health and disease. Choroid thickness (CT) is a key vascular retinal parameter that can be assessed by OCT and might be relevant in the evaluation of the vascular component of cognitive decline. We aimed to investigate CT changes in a large cohort of individuals cognitive unimpaired (CU), with mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's (MCI-AD), mild cognitive impairment due to cerebrovascular disease (MCI-Va), Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), and vascular dementia (VaD).

The role of inflammation in neurological disorders: a brief overview of multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease'.

Neuroinflammation is a central feature in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including MS, AD, and PD. This review aims to synthesize current research on the role of inflammation in these conditions, emphasizing the potential of inflammatory biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. We highlight recent findings on the mechanisms of neuroinflammation, the utility of biomarkers in disease differentiation, and the implications for therapeutic strategies.

Corrigendum: The use of plasma exchange with albumin replacement in the management of Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.

Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurologically relevant regulation and implicates causal proteins for Alzheimer's disease.

The integration of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with disease genome-wide association studies (GWASs) has proven successful in prioritizing candidate genes at disease-associated loci. QTL mapping has been focused on multi-tissue expression QTLs or plasma protein QTLs (pQTLs). We generated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pQTL atlas by measuring 6,361 proteins in 3,506 samples.

Real-world assessment of caregiver preference and compliance to treatment with twice-weekly versus daily rivastigmine patches in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Adherence is critical in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in order to achieve optimal benefit from therapy. However, patient compliance with the treatment remains a challenge.

Objective: To evaluate, in a real-world clinical setting, caregiver preference and treatment compliance with twice-weekly versus daily transdermal rivastigmine patch in mild-to-moderate AD.

Plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease treatment induced changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediator levels.

Objective: There is extensive literature indicating that inflammatory pathways are affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined whether plasma exchange with albumin replacement (PE-Alb) can impact the inflammatory status of AD patients and alter the relationship between inflammatory mediators and cognitive measures.

Methods: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 142 AD patients participating in the AMBAR trial (14-month schedule of PE-Alb treatment vs.

The use of plasma exchange with albumin replacement in the management of Alzheimer's disease: a scoping review.

Introduction: AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing significant cognitive decline and impaired daily functioning. Current treatments offer only modest relief, and many amyloid-targeting therapies have failed, prompting exploration of alternative approaches such as PE with albumin replacement.

Objectives: This scoping review systematically maps the literature on PE with albumin replacement in AD management, focusing on outcomes, methodologies, and reported benefits and risks.

Amyloid deposition in adults with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Pathological amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins have been described in resected temporal lobe specimens of epilepsy patients. We aimed to determine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ1-42 and p181-tau levels and cerebral Aβ deposits on positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) and correlate these findings with cognitive performance in adults with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled individuals with drug-resistant TLE who were 25-55 years old.

Psychological outcomes of dementia risk estimation in MCI patients: Results from the PreDADQoL project.

Introduction: Understanding the impact of biomarker-based dementia risk estimation in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and their care partners is critical for patient care.

Methods: MCI patients and study partners were counseled on Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker and dementia risk was disclosed. Data on mood, quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction with life (SwL) were obtained 1 week and 3 months after disclosure.

Progress in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Is Needed - Position Statement of European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) Investigators.

β-amyloid-targeting antibodies represent the first generation of effective causal treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be considered historical research milestones. Their effect sizes, side effects, implementation challenges and costs, however, have stimulated debates about their overall value. In this position statement academic clinicians of the European Alzheimer's Disease Consortium (EADC) discuss the critical relevance of introducing these new treatments in clinical care now.

Severity of respiratory syncytial virus compared with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza among hospitalised adults ≥65 years.

Introduction: Our aim was to estimate the risk of pneumonia, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or death in individuals ≥65 years old admitted to hospital with RSV, compared to influenza or COVID-19.

Methods: We included hospitalised patients from Severe Acute Respiratory Infection Surveillance in Spain between 2021-2024, aged ≥65 years, laboratory confirmed for RSV, influenza or SARS-CoV-2. Using a binomial regression with logarithmic link, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of pneumonia, ICU admission and in-hospital mortality, in patients with RSV compared to influenza or SARS-CoV-2, adjusting for age, sex, season and comorbidities.

Clinical value of plasma pTau181 to predict Alzheimer's disease pathology in a large real-world cohort of a memory clinic.

Background: The identification of patients with an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and eligible for the disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) in the earliest stages is one of the greatest challenges in the clinical practice. Plasma biomarkers has the potential to predict these issues, but further research is still needed to translate them to clinical practice. Here we evaluated the clinical applicability of plasma pTau181 as a predictive marker of AD pathology in a large real-world cohort of a memory clinic.