IngredSAM: Open-World Food Ingredient Segmentation via a Single Image Prompt.

Food semantic segmentation is of great significance in the field of computer vision and artificial intelligence, especially in the application of food image analysis. Due to the complexity and variety of food, it is difficult to effectively handle this task using supervised methods. Thus, we introduce IngredSAM, a novel approach for open-world food ingredient semantic segmentation, extending the capabilities of the Segment Anything Model (SAM).

Transcriptome analysis of tree peony under high temperature treatment and functional verification of PsDREB2A gene.

Paeonia suffruticosa is a plant of Paeonia in Paeoniaceae. It is an important woody ornamental flower in the world. High temperature in summer hinders the growth of tree peony and reduces its ornamental quality, which restricts the cultivation and application of tree peony in Jiangnan area of China.

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of Disk Resonator Gyroscope with Vibration and Shock Resistance.

This paper presents a comprehensive optimization of an outer frame anchor disk resonator gyroscope (DRG) with enhanced resistance to vibration and shock, achieved by increasing the resonant frequency of the tub and translation modes. Furthermore, the wineglass mode retains a high quality factor, enhancing sensitivity and reducing the angle random walk (ARW). The performance of the proposed DRG is analyzed using dynamic equations, and its structural parameters are optimized through finite element analysis (FEA).

The functional dominance and metabolic diversity of comammox Nitrospira in recirculating aquaculture systems.

As a newly discovered group of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, complete ammonia oxidizing (comammox) Nitrospira has been widely found in various oligotrophic ecosystems. However, their activity and ecological niche is still unclear in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). This study aimed to compare the abundance and activity of comammox Nitrospira, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and elucidate metabolic versatility of comammox Nitrospira in RAS.

Proton-controlled Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and topological Hall effect in hydrogenated strontium ruthenate.

The Topological Hall effect (THE) is a fascinating physical phenomenon related to topological spin textures, serving as a powerful electrical probe for detecting and understanding these unconventional magnetic orders and skyrmions. Recently, the THE has been observed in strontium ruthenate (SrRuO, SRO) thin films and its heterostructures, which originates from the disruption of interfacial inversion symmetry and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Here, we demonstrate a practically pure proton doping effect for controlling the DMI and THE in the SRO epitaxial films using the Pt electrode-assisted hydrogenation method.

Preparation of Fangxian traditional Xiaoqu and its evolution of microbial communities and aroma compounds during fermentation.

Fangxian traditional Xiaoqu (FTXQ) is an important factor in the formation of unique aroma of Fangxian Huangjiu. FTXQ with only Polygonum hydropiper L. and FTXQ with Polygonum hydropiper L.

Pharmacologically inducing regenerative cardiac cells by small molecule drugs.

Adult mammals, unlike some lower organisms, lack the ability to regenerate damaged hearts through cardiomyocytes (CMs) dedifferentiation into cells with regenerative capacity. Developing conditions to induce such naturally unavailable cells with potential to proliferate and differentiate into CMs, that is, regenerative cardiac cells (RCCs), in mammals will provide new insights and tools for heart regeneration research. In this study, we demonstrate that a two-compound combination, CHIR99021 and A-485 (2C), effectively induces RCCs from human embryonic stem cell-derived TNNT2 CMs in vitro, as evidenced by lineage tracing experiments.

Atg5-Mediated Lipophagy Induces Ferroptosis in Corneal Epithelial Cells in Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose: Ferroptosis occurred in corneal epithelial cells has been implicated in the inflammation in dry eye disease (DED). Given the proposed link between ferroptosis and autophagy, this study aims to investigate the role of autophagy in driving ferroptosis in corneal epithelial cell and enrich the pathogenesis underlying DED.

Methods: DED models were established in C57BL/6 mice via scopolamine injection and in human corneal epithelial cell line (HCEC) using hyperosmotic medium.

Snapshot computational spectroscopy enabled by deep learning.

Spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes the interaction between matter and light as a function of wavelength. It is the most convenient method for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about an unknown sample with reasonable accuracy. However, traditional spectroscopy is reliant on bulky and expensive spectrometers, while emerging applications of portable, low-cost and lightweight sensing and imaging necessitate the development of miniaturized spectrometers.

Human leukocyte antigen DR alpha inhibits renal cell carcinoma progression by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages to M1 via the NF-κB pathway.

Human leukocyte antigen DR alpha (HLA-DRA) is recognized for its inhibitory effect on the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); high HLA-DRA expression levels are positively correlated with improved prognosis in patients with ccRCC. In this study, we evaluated HLA-DRA expression in ccRCCs, its effects on tumor-associated macrophage recruitment, and the influence of polarization. Clinical cohort analyses revealed that elevated HLA-DRA expression in ccRCC cells was correlated with enhanced tumor infiltration by M1-type macrophages.

Separation and characterization of sweet compounds in Baijiu by molecular distillation combined with molecular sensory science.

Sweetness is a crucial taste component in Baijiu. However, comprehensive research on the sweetness of Baijiu remains limited, and traditional methods for flavor analysis are not well-suited for identifying the sweet compounds. To address this, a multi-stage molecular distillation method, combined with molecular sensory science, was developed to more effectively and scientifically analyze the key sweet compounds in Baijiu.

Unraveling energetics and states of adsorbing oxygen species with MoS for modulated work function.

MoS and related transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have recently been reported as having extensive applications in nanoelectronics and catalysis because of their unique physical and chemical properties. However, one practical challenge for MoS-based applications arises from the easiness of oxygen contamination, which is likely to degrade performance. To this end, understanding the states and related energetics of adsorbed oxygen is critical.

The regulatory mechanism of mannan from millet Huangjiu on flavor release.

Huangjiu, the national wine of China, has the characteristics of low grain consumption, low alcohol content and high nutrition, which aligns with the world's beverage wine consumption trend. The research on glutinous rice huangjiu from southern China is more extensive, while millet huangjiu from northern China has received less attention, hindering the diversified development of huangjiu. Polysaccharides play an important role in huangjiu's health activity and flavor characteristics.

Enhancing Effort-Moderated Item Response Theory Models by Evaluating a Two-Step Estimation Method and Multidimensional Variations on the Model.

Rapid-guessing behavior in data can compromise our ability to estimate item and person parameters accurately. Consequently, it is crucial to model data with rapid-guessing patterns in a way that can produce unbiased ability estimates. This study proposes and evaluates three alternative modeling approaches that follow the logic of the effort-moderated item response theory model (EM-IRT) to analyze response data with rapid-guessing responses.

Peanut Hull lignin/ecamsule·2Na hollow nanoparticles (P/E LNPs): A natural light-coloured, broad-spectrum, highly antioxidant, and safe lignin-based sunscreen.

Lignin represents a potentially significant natural sunscreen alternative due to its good UV-absorbing ability, but its poor UVA absorption and dark colour are still obstacles. Numerous methods have been developed to whiten the colour of lignin, mainly including aromatic ring interruption and hydroxyl group blocking. However, these complicated procedures would weaken the UV-blocking and radical scavenging abilities.

[The analysis of gene screening results for common hereditary hearing loss in 2 102 pregnant women in Dali area].

By conducting genetic testing of hereditary hearing loss in pregnant women within 17 weeks of gestation in Dali areas, the importance of genetic testing and genetic counseling during pregnancy was emphasized. Twenty-one mutation sites of 4 hearing loss genes, including , , and , were detected by PCR amplification technology. The positive ratio, mutation ratio and ethnic distribution of positive samples were statistically described.

F2-Isoprostanes Are Associated With Increased Fracture Risk in Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Fracture risk is higher in type 2 diabetes (T2D) for a given bone mineral density (BMD) level. Increased oxidative stress in T2D induces diabetic complications and may affect T2D bone fragility.

Objective: To investigate whether the levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes, a reliable oxidative stress marker, are associated with incident clinical fracture risk in older adults with diabetes.

Bridging piezoelectric and electrostatic effects: a novel piezo-MEMS pitch/roll gyroscope with sub 10°/h bias instability.

This paper proposes a novel piezo-MEMS pitch/roll gyroscope that co-integrates piezoelectric and electrostatic effects, for the first time achieves electrostatic mode-matching operation for piezoelectric gyroscopes. Movement of operated out-of-plane (OOP) mode (n = 3) and in-plane (IP) mode (n = 2) are orthogonal, ensuring that the OOP amplitude is not significantly limited by parallel plates set at nodes of IP mode. Therefore, a large OOP driving amplitude actuated by piezoelectric and frequency tuning in the IP sense mode trimmed by electrostatic can be achieved together with a low risk of pull-in, hence releases the trade-off between the tuning range and the linear actuation range.

Targeted NAD repletion via biomimetic nanoparticle enables simultaneous management of intimal hyperplasia and accelerated re-endothelialization: A proof-of-concept study toward next-generation of endothelium-protective, anti-restenotic therapy.

Endovascular interventions often fail due to restenosis, primarily caused by smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, leading to intimal hyperplasia (IH). Current strategies to prevent restenosis are far from perfect and impose significant collateral damage on the fragile endothelial cell (EC), causing profound thrombotic risks. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a co-enzyme and signaling substrate implicated in redox and metabolic homeostasis, with a pleiotropic role in protecting against cardiovascular diseases.

Testing Neuroprotective Strategies in Prolonged Field Care Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock.

Background: Prolonged field care is a military adaptation of tactical combat casualty care providing extended prehospital management during delayed extrication. Effects of addition of valproic acid (VPA) to fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) in a prolonged field care model of hemorrhagic shock and traumatic brain injury are not known. We hypothesized that VPA is associated with decreased neurological impairment, and its protective changes are detected at the transcriptomic level.

Microbiome-induced increases and decreases in bone matrix strength can be initiated after skeletal maturity.

Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin).