[Clinical application of penile biological vibration threshold for precise use of 5% lidocaine cream to treat hypersensitive premature ejaculation].

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of applying 5% lidocaine cream to the sensitive area of the glans penis after its precise localization under the penile biological vibration threshold test for the treatment of primary premature ejaculation.

Methods: Eighty patients diagnosed with primary premature ejaculation in an outpatient setting were included in this study. They were randomly scored into two groups.

[Research progress on penis cavernosa fibrosis].

Penis cavernosa fibrosis is an important cause of refractory erectile dysfunction.Its exact pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated, and conventional treatment is not effective, seriously affecting the quality of life, physical and mental health of men. With the deepening of research, the progress of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) and molecular imaging provides the possibility for the early diagnosis, grading and staging of cavernous fibrosis.

[Male infertility and urologic cancers: Advances in studies].

Male infertility is one of the most common diseases in andrology. Studies show that male infertility is significantly correlated with the incidence and mortality of tumors, especially malignant tumors in the genitourinary system, such as testis cancer and prostate cancer. The relationship of male infertility with genitourinary system tumors involves various aspects, mainly including changes in chromosome mutations, epigenetic marks, hormonal imbalance, and congenital deformity.

[Salidroside regulates the phenotypic transformation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of rats through the PDGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway].

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Salidroside regulating the phenotypic transformation of cavernous smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats.

Methods: Primary CCSMCs were isolated from male SD rats, cultured in hypoxic environment for 24 hours, and treated with Salidroside at 30 μg/mL. Then the expressions of HIF-1α, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and phenotypic transformation-related proteins α-SMA and Collagen I were detected by Western blot.

[Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway and erectile dysfunction: Advances in studies].

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is an important regulator of penile erectile function in adult males, and abnormal Shh signals may be involved in the mechanisms of ED. Current studies on the relationship of the Shh signaling pathway with ED are mainly concentrated on neurogenic ED caused by bilateral cavernous nerve injury, diabetes-induced endocrinological ED, and senile ED. This review focuses on the changes of the Shh signaling pathway in different types of ED and clarifies the mechanisms of the Shh signaling pathway regulating ED, hoping to give some inspiration to further related studies.

[Related factors of erectile dysfunction: An analysis of 297 male patients].

Objective: To analyze the basic characteristics and related factors of ED.

Methods: Using the self-designed National Key Collaboration Platform for Impotence Disease Research, we enrolled 297 ED males at the urological clinic of the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to August 2018, and analyzed their basic characteristics, IIEF-5 scores, and erection hardness grades based on the Erectile Hardness Grading Scale.

Results: The patients were aged 21－81 years, 41.

[Inhibitory effect of salidroside on H2O2-induced down-regulation of Cx43 expression in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in rats].

Objective: To explore the regulatory effect of salidroside on H2O2-induced decrease in the expression of the connexin43 (Cx43) protein in corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC).

Methods: Rat CCSMCs were isolated, primarily cultured in vitro and identified by immunocytochemical assay. The optimum concentration of H2O2 for intervention was determined by detecting its effect on the viability of the CCSMCs and used in the treatment of the CCSMCs for different lengths of time, and meanwhile salidroside was applied at 16 μg/ml (low dose) or 64 μg/ml (high dose) for intervention.

[henotypic modulation of corporal cavernosum smooth muscle cells and erectile dysfunction: Advances in studies].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely related with the phenotypic modulation of corporal cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC), a transitional tendency of CCSMCs switching from the contractile phenotype to the synthetic or proliferative phenotype. The molecular markers of contractile CCSMCs include α-SMA, SMMHC, Calponin, Smoothelin, and Desmin, while those of synthetic or proliferative CCSMCs involve Vimentin, Osteopontin, and Collagen I. Current studies show that phenotypic transformation of CCSMCs is related to the pathophysiological processes of different types of ED, such as bilateral cavernous nerve injury-induced ED, diabetes mellitus-associated ED, arterial ED, hypertension-associated ED, and so on.

[Value of non-sexual penile erection for penile rehabilitation in men with erectile dysfunction].

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male disease. Some related studies show that the prevalence of ED is nearly 52% in men aged 40 to 70 years and is increasing among younger males. Hypoxia is now considered to be an independent risk factor for ED and the mechanisms of hypoxia inducing ED are varied and complicated.

[Effect of salidroside on the expression of connexin43 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of hypoxic rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of salidroside on the expression of the connexin43 (Cx43) protein in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) of hypoxic SD rats.

Methods: CCSMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunofluorescence staining. The cells were divided into six groups: normal control (21% O2), hypoxia (1% O2), hypoxia+salidroside (HS) 8 μg/ml,HS 16 μg/ml, HS 32 μg/ml, and HS 64 μg/ml, and cultured for 48 hours.

[Intracavernosal pressure measurement technology in the animal model of erectile dysfunction].

Penile erection is a primarily aneurovascular event,which depends on the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells and engorgement of the penis with blood. The compression of the subtunical venular plexus results in venular blockage.The intracavernosal pressure( ICP) is close to 5-7 mmHg in the flaccid state and rapidly increases to more than 100 mmHg in the tumescence phase.

[Inhibitory effect of salidroside on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of salidroside on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) in rats.

Methods: Rat CCSMCs were cultured in vitro by the enzyme digestion method and identified by immunofluorescent staining of anti-alpha-SMA and anti-Desmin. The non-toxic dose of salidroside was determined by MTT assay.

[Low-dose tadalafil combined with Shuganyiyang capsules for mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of low-dose once-daily tadalafil combined with Shuganyiyang Capsules in the treatment of mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction (ED).

Methods: Ninety patients with mild-to-moderate ED were equally randomized to groups A, B and C to receive Shuganyiyang Capsules, tadalafil, and tadalafil + Shuganyiyang Capsules, respectively. The scores of the patients on IIEF-5 and SF-PAIRS (15-Item Short Form of Psychological Interpersonal Relationship Scales) were recorded before and at 1 and 3 months after treatment.

[Salidroside inhibits hypoxia-induced phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in vitro].

Objective: To explore the effects of salidroside on the phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in hypoxic SD rats.

Methods: CCSMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunohistochemistry. The cells were divided into six groups: normal control (21% O2), hypoxia (1% O2), hypoxia + salidroside 1 mg/L, hypoxia + salidroside 3 mg/L, hypoxia + salidroside 5 mg/L and hypoxia + PGE1 0.

[Hypoxia induces fibrosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in SD rats].

Objective: To explore the effect of hypoxia on the fibrosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in SD rats.

Methods: CCSMCs were cultured in vitro, identified by immunohistochemistry, and then exposed to hypoxia at the concentration of 1% O2 for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Those exposed to normal oxygen concentration for the corresponding lengths of time were used as the control.

[Effect of modified tianxiong powder in treating oligospermia and asthenospermia].

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of modified Tianxiong Powder (MTP) in treating oligospermia and asthenospermia.

Methods: Eighty patients were equally randomized into two groups, the treated group administered with MTP, and the controlled group administered with Wuzi Yanzong Pill (WYP), all for 3 months. The comprehensive efficacy was observed; and parameters of patients' semen and figure of sperm were analyzed before and after treatment.

[Phenotypic modulation of corpus cavernous smooth musle cells and its influencing factors].

Corpus cavernous smooth muscle cells are the main functional component of the corpus cavernosum penis, whose phenotypic modulation is the key initial step in the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, an insight into the mechanism of the phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells and its influencing factors is important for the prevention and management of penis erectile dysfunction. Smooth muscle cells are generally divided into contracting (differentiated) and composing (undifferentiated, proliferated or dedifferentiated) types.

[Hypoxia promotes corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cell apoptosis in SD rats].

Objective: To explore the relationship between hypoxia and the apoptosis of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in SD rats.

Methods: CCSMCs were cultured in vitro and identified by immunohistochemistry, and then underwent hypoxia interference at the concentration of 1% O2 for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, with normal oxygen concentration as the control. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cycles and apoptosis of the cells.

[Effects of different reconstruction methods in treatment of avulsion of ureteral mucosa: experiment with dogs].

Objective: To investigate the curative effects of different reconstruction methods in the treatment of avulsion of ureteral mucosa.

Methods: Twenty adult dogs were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: Group III (control group in which the ureter was incised and a ureteral stent was placed therein), Group II (the ureter was incised and a ureteral mucosal avulsion about 5 cm in length was created and the avulsed mucosa was replaced to the original position and a ureteral stent was placed in addition), Group III (a piece of bladder mucosa was incised and grafted to the avulsed ureter mucosa and a ureteral stent was placed in addition), and Group IV (a tubularized peritoneal free graft and a ureteral stent were placed in the avulsed ureter). Ten weeks later intravenous pyelography (IVP) was conducted to observe the images of ureter.

[Prevention of urethral stricture after transurethral vaporesection of prostate by adjustable urethral tractor].

Objective: To reduce the complication by transurethral vaporesection of prostate (TUVP) using adjustable urethral tractor.

Methods: One hundred and six cases with benign prostate hypertrophy underwent TUVP and catheter traction after operation by an adjustable tractor. The results by catheter traction were compared with those by rubberized cloth paste and carbasus compression.

[Clinical study of recombinant human growth hormone for male climacteric syndrome].

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in the treatment of male climacteric syndrome and to investigate the specificity and sensitivity of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and serum total testosterone as the curative effect index.

Methods: Forty patients aged 40-75 with male climacteric syndrome were divided into two groups randomly and injected with rhGH 4 IU (Group A) or 8 IU (Group B). The patients were followed up for about 12 weeks after 12-week treatment and then asked the questions of the assessed index of male climacteric syndrome at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of the treatment and 12 weeks after the treatment.