First Report of Causing Leaf Spot on Peanut ( L.) in the Republic of Korea.

Peanut ( L.) is one of the most profitable upland crops, yielding 10,711 tonnes in an area of 4,062 ha in the Republic of Korea (Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs 2023). In September 2023, dark gray spots surrounded by yellow halos were observed on the peanut leaves over an area of 880 m at the National Institute of Crop Science (35°50'31.

Phenology model development for : Evaluation of phenological synchrony with its host, .

The invasive species has inflicted significant economic losses in various European and Asian regions. To combat this pest, the parasitoid wasp has been effectively introduced in Europe. Despite its success, research on the field occurrence patterns of , particularly its phenology, remains scarce.

Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at constant temperatures: instar pathways and stage transition models with semifield validation.

Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüber) fed with an artificial diet was studied at different temperatures. The instar pathway (IPW) defined as the number of instars prior to pupation significantly affected larval development time, with higher IPW leading to longer larval development time. The IPW was determined at the fifth instar to proceed to 6-7 IPW, when the development time of fifth instar was largely shortened.

Rapid Assessment of Insect Pest Outbreak Using Drones: A Case Study with (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean Fields.

Rapid assessment of crop damage is essential for successful management of insect pest outbreaks. In this study, we investigated the use of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and image analyses to assess an outbreak of the beet armyworm, (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), that occurred in soybean fields in South Korea. A rotary-wing UAS was deployed to obtain a series of aerial images over 31 soybean blocks.

Identification of a fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)-specific gene and development of a rapid and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

The fall armyworm [FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith)], a moth native to America, has spread throughout the world since it was first discovered in Africa in 2016. The FAW is a polyphagous migratory pest that can travel over long distances using seasonal winds or typhoons because of its excellent flying ability, causing serious damage to many crops. For effective FAW control, accurate species identification is essential at the beginning of the invasion.

A New Mitochondrial Genome of (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) and Mitogenome-Wide Investigation on Polymorphisms.

White-backed planthopper (WBPH), (Horváth), is one of the major sap-sucking rice pests in East Asia. We have determined a new complete mitochondrial genome of WBPH collected in the Korean peninsula using NGS technology. Its length and GC percentages are 16,613 bp and 23.

RNA-Seq and Electrical Penetration Graph Revealed the Role of -Mediated Activation of Defense Mechanisms towards Green Rice Leafhopper ( Uhler) Resistance in Rice ( L.).

The green rice leafhopper (GRH, Uhler) is one of the most important insect pests causing serious damage to rice production and yield loss in East Asia. Prior to performing RNA-Seq analysis, we conducted an electrical penetration graph (EPG) test to investigate the feeding behavior of GRH on Ilpum (recurrent parent, GRH-susceptible cultivar), a near-isogenic line (NIL carrying ) compared to the donor parent (Shingwang). Then, we conducted a transcriptome-wide analysis of GRH-responsive genes in Ilpum and NIL, which was followed by the validation of RNA-Seq data by qPCR.

Alteration of unfolded protein responses and autophagy signaling represented the molecular basis underlying saccharin toxicity to Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

The purpose of this study was to develop a new control method for Drosophila using saccharin sodium dihydrate (saccharin), an artificial sweetener that is safe for humans and the environment, and to elucidate its mode of action. In this study, we confirmed that saccharin can dose-dependently inhibit the development of or kill vinegar flies (VFs) and spotted wing Drosophila (SWDs). In addition, we found that low concentrations of saccharin induced a similar effect as starvation in Drosophila, whereas high concentrations of saccharin induced changes in the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy signaling that were unlike starvation and inhibited development or killed the VF and the SWD by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses.

Detection of Monema flavescens (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) Cocoons Using Small Unmanned Aircraft System.

Current unmanned aircraft system (a.k.a.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the fall armyworm, Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae), firstly collected in Korea.

The fall armyworm, , is a serious pest in large numbers on more than 350 plant species in the world. We have determined a 15,388 bp mitogenome of which includes 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNAs. The base composition was AT-biased (81.

Thermal Effects on the Population Parameters and Growth of (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

The pea aphid (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a cosmopolitan and polyphagous species. An evaluation of 's demographic parameters and growth was carried out after rearing aphids on faba bean plants () under five different temperature conditions (10 °C, 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C). We analyzed the raw life history data, including developmental time, survival, longevity and reproduction, using an age-stage, two-sex life table to consider variable developmental rates among individuals.

Development, Reproduction, and Life Table Parameters of the Foxglove Aphid, Kaltenbach (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on Soybean at Constant Temperatures.

We investigated several characteristics of the development and reproduction of the aphid raised on soybean () at 10 constant temperatures between 2.5 and 30 °C, and described the relationship between temperature and several critical biological characteristics using mathematical models. We found that could survive and reproduce on soybean at temperatures ranging from 5 to 27.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Townsend, 1909) (Diptera:Tachinidae).

(Townsend, 1909), a dipteran tachinid fly, is an endoparasitoid of lepidopteran larvae as a potential biological agent. We have determined a 17,663 bp mitogenome of which includes 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 2,773 bp. The base composition was AT-biased (81.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Fallén, 1826) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) collected in a southern part of Korean peninsula.

A 16,359 bp mitochondrial genome of collected in a southern part of Korean peninsula was completed and their intraspecies variations were compared with Korean and Chinese mitogenomes. The circular mitogenome of contains 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, 22 tRNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 1,972 bp. The base composition was AT-biased (77.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Fallén, 1826) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) collected in a mid-Western part of Korean peninsula.

(Fallén, 1826) is one of key rice pests in Northeast Asia. We have determined the mitochondrial genome of collected in a mid-western part of Korean peninsula. The circular mitogenome of is 16,359 bp long including 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and a single large non-coding region of 1,972 bp.

Forecasting Spring Emergence of the Asian Corn Borer, Ostrinia furnacalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Based on Postdiapause Development Rate.

This study was conducted to develop temperature-dependent postdiapause development models of overwintering larvae of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), and to evaluate the models' forecasting accuracy using spring adult emergence data. Overwintering larvae were collected at three different times: 24 February (first), 23 March (second), and 25 April (third), 2005. The developmental periods of each collection colony were measured at eight constant temperatures, and those developmental rates were modeled with linear and nonlinear regression.

Time-Course RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Transcriptional Changes in Rice Plants Triggered by Rice stripe virus Infection.

Rice stripe virus (RSV) has become a major pathogen of rice. To determine how the rice transcriptome is modified in response to RSV infection, we used RNA-Seq to perform a genome-wide gene expression analysis of a susceptible rice cultivar. The transcriptomes of RSV-infected samples were compared to those of mock-treated samples at 3, 7, and 15 days post-infection (dpi).

Mutational analysis of interaction between coat protein and helper component-proteinase of Soybean mosaic virus involved in aphid transmission.

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the genus Potyvirus, is transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner. It has been well documented that the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) plays a role as a 'bridge' between virion particles and aphid stylets in the aphid transmission of potyviruses. Several motifs, including the KITC and PTK motifs on HC-Pro and the DAG motif on the coat protein (CP), have been found to be involved in aphid transmission.

Expression of BrD1, a plant defensin from Brassica rapa, confers resistance against brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in transgenic rices.

Plant defensins are small (5-10 kDa) basic peptides thought to be an important component of the defense pathway against fungal and/or bacterial pathogens. To understand the role of plant defensins in protecting plants against the brown planthopper, a type of insect herbivore, we isolated the Brassica rapa Defensin 1 (BrD1) gene and introduced it into rice (Oryza sativa L.) to produce stable transgenic plants.