Light-Activated Reactivity of Nitrones with Amino Acids and Proteins.

Controlled modifications of amino acids are an indispensable tool for advancing fundamental and translational research based on peptides and proteins. Yet, we still lack methods to chemically modify each naturally occurring amino acid sidechain. To help address this gap, we show that N,α-diaryl oxaziridines expand the scope of bioconjugation methods to chemically modify cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan residues with evidence for additional tyrosine labelling in a proteomic context.

The Interplay between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Ferroptosis during Ischemia-Associated Central Nervous System Diseases.

Cerebral ischemia, a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, triggers a cascade of molecular and cellular pathologies linked to several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. These disorders primarily encompass ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and other CNS conditions. Despite substantial progress in understanding and treating the underlying pathological processes in various neurological diseases, there is still a notable absence of effective therapeutic approaches aimed specifically at mitigating the damage caused by these illnesses.

Development and validation of an online calculator to predict the pathological nature of colorectal tumors.

Background: No single endoscopic feature can reliably predict the pathological nature of colorectal tumors (CRTs).

Aim: To establish and validate a simple online calculator to predict the pathological nature of CRTs based on white-light endoscopy.

Methods: This was a single-center study.

Machine learning methods to predict cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice grain and support soil management at a regional scale.

Rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). Concentration of Cd in rice grain varies widely at the regional scale, and it is challenging to predict grain Cd concentration using soil properties. The lack of reliable predictive models hampers management of contaminated soils.

The relative contributions of root uptake and remobilization to the loading of Cd and As into rice grains: Implications in simultaneously controlling grain Cd and As accumulation using a segmented water management strategy.

Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are loaded into rice grain via two pathways: i) root uptake from the soil and then translocation to the grain, and ii) remobilization of Cd and As previously accumulated within the vegetative tissues to the grain. However, the relative contributions of the two pathways are not well understood in soil-grown rice plants. In this study, we used eight different water management regimes applied at different growth periods to manipulate the concentrations of Cd and As in porewater and then established a mathematical model to estimate the relative importance of the two pathways.