Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Posterior Silk Glands of Wild and Domesticated Silkworms Reveals Functional Evolution during Domestication.

The wild silkworm Bombyx mandarina was domesticated to produce silk in China approximately 5000 years ago. Silk production is greatly improved in the domesticated silkworm B. mori, but the molecular basis of the functional evolution of silk gland remains elusive.

Proteome identification of the silkworm middle silk gland.

To investigate the functional differentiation among the anterior (A), middle (M), and posterior (P) regions of silkworm middle silk gland (MSG), their proteomes were characterized by shotgun LC-MS/MS analysis with a LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. To get better proteome identification and quantification, triplicate replicates of mass spectrometry analysis were performed for each sample. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium (Vizcaíno et al.

Comparative proteomic analysis of the silkworm middle silk gland reveals the importance of ribosome biogenesis in silk protein production.

The silkworm middle silk gland (MSG) is the sericin synthesis and secretion unique sub-organ. The molecular mechanisms of regulating MSG protein synthesis are largely unknown. Here, we performed shotgun proteomic analysis on the three MSG subsections: the anterior (MSG-A), middle (MSG-M), and posterior (MSG-P) regions.

Quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of molecular mechanisms associated with low silk production in silkworm Bombyx mori.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the low fibroin production of the ZB silkworm strain, we used both SDS-PAGE-based and gel-free-based proteomic techniques and transcriptomic sequencing technique. Combining the data from two different proteomic techniques was preferable in the characterization of the differences between the ZB silkworm strain and the original Lan10 silkworm strain. The correlation analysis showed that the individual protein and transcript were not corresponded well, however, the differentially changed proteins and transcripts showed similar regulated direction in function at the pathway level.

Proteome analysis of silkworm, Bombyx mori, larval gonads: characterization of proteins involved in sexual dimorphism and gametogenesis.

Sexual dimorphism is initialed by the components of the sex determination pathway and is most evident in gonads and germ cells. Although striking dimorphic expressions have been detected at the transcriptional level between the silkworm larval testis and the ovary, the sex-dimorphic expressions at the protein level have not yet been well characterized. The proteome of silkworm larval gonads was investigated using a shotgun-based identification.

[Study on the hemostatic effects in raw and charred Mongolian drug Agi and its mechanism].

Objective: To observe the effects of raw and charred Agi on hemostasis and its mechanism.

Methods: The rabbit bleeding time was measured by traumatic hemorrhage test, and the clotting time was measured by tube test. The rabbit prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thormboplastia time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (FIB), plasma recalcification time (PRT), euglobulin lysis time (ELT), max platelet aggregation rate (MPAR) were measured by solidification method, turbidimetry and tube test to analyze the effects of raw and charred Agi on rabbit coagulation-fibrinolysis system and platelet function.

Comparative analysis on the expression of inducible HSPs in the silkworm, Bombyx mori.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), well-known in respond to various kinds of stress situations, have been widely studied in Drosophila. However, a few reports related to silkworm bombyx mori. Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting on the expression of some HSPs in heat-treated silkworm were studied at the present paper.

Expression profiling and regulation of genes related to silkworm posterior silk gland development and fibroin synthesis.

The posterior silk gland (PSG) is the most important suborgan responsible for the synthesis and secretion of silk core fibroin proteins in silkworm. Here, we performed genome-scale expression profiling analysis of silkworm PSG at the fourth molting (M4) and at day 1 (V1), day 3 (V3), day 5 (V5), and wandering stage (W) of the fifth instar by microarray analysis with 22 987 probes. We found that the five genes of silk proteins secreted from PSG including fibroin heavy (H) and light (L) chains, P25, seroin 1, and seroin 2 basically showed obvious up-regulation at V3 which lasted to V5, while slight down-regulation at W.

Shotgun proteomic analysis on the embryos of silkworm Bombyx mori at the end of organogenesis.

Embryonic development of silkworm, Bombyx mori is a process of systematical expression of genes and proteins which is dominated by complex regulatory networks. To gain comprehensive insight into the molecular basis of embryonic development and its regulation mechanisms, the proteome profile of the B. mori embryos at the end of organogenesis (tubercle appearance stage, TA) was characterized using LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer.

Proteomic and bioinformatic analysis on endocrine organs of domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L. for a comprehensive understanding of their roles and relations.

Three organs of silkworm larva endocrine system, including brain (Br), subesophageal ganglion (SG) and prothoracic glands (PG), were studied employing shotgun LC-MS/MS combined with bioinformatic analysis to comprehensively understand their roles and relations. Totally, 3430, 2683, and 3395 proteins were identified including 1885 common and 652, 253, and 790 organ-specific ones in Br, SG, and PG, respectively. Identified common-expressed proteins indicated the existence of intrinsic complex interactions among these parts of endocrine system.

Comparative proteomic analysis between the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) reared on fresh mulberry leaves and on artificial diet.

To gain an insight into the effects of different diets on growth and development of the domesticated silkworm at protein level, we employed comparative proteomic approach to investigate the proteomic differences of midgut, hemolymph, fat body and posterior silk gland of the silkworms reared on fresh mulberry leaves and on artificial diet. Seventy-six differentially expressed proteins were identified by MALDI TOF/TOF MS, and among them, 41 proteins were up-regulated, and 35 proteins were downregulated. Database searches, combined with GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that some hemolymph proteins such as Nuecin, Gloverin-like proteins, PGRP, P50 and beta/-N-acetylglucosamidase were related to innate immunity of the silkworm, and some proteins identified in silkworm midgut including Myosin 1 light chain, Tropomyosin 1, Profilin, Serpin-2 and GSH-Px were involved in digestion and nutrition absorption.

Proteomic identification of the silkworm (Bombyx mori L) prothoracic glands during the fifth instar stage.

Although the ecdysteroid of the silkworm had been studied for decades, the proteome of the prothoracic gland, the primary source of ecdysteroid hormones, has not been studied previously. In the present paper, we utilized a proteomic approach to investigate the fifth instar prothoracic gland during the growth and development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The two-dimensional electrophoresis results showed that the majority of proteins were acidic proteins, especially concentrated in the area of 25-65 kDa, with pI values of between 4 and 7, and the difference was not distinct.

Microsatellite analysis of royal jelly producing traits of Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera Liguatica).

Genetic variations at 10 microsatellite loci were surveyed to determine the evolutionary relationships and molecular characteristics of three different honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations from Italy and China, i. e.

Possible effect of 30K proteins in embryonic development of silkworm Bombyx mori.

The silkworm Bombyx mori possesses a 30K protein family of 3x10(4) Da, the biological functions of which have not been fully identified. The relationship between the 30K protein family and the embryonic development of temperature sensitive sex-linked mutant strain of silkworm was investigated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results show that protein spots 1-5 of the 30K protein family, mainly existing in normal strain, are possibly related to embryonic development.

[Cloning and sequence analysis of mrjp1 cDNA from Apis cerana cerana].

A cDNA library was constructed from eight-day-old worker heads of Apis cerana cerana. A probe derived from part of Apis cerana genomic mrjp3 segment was used to screen this library. A total of 120 positive clones of mrjps were screened out from the cDNA library with DIG-probe.

RNA-binding domain of the key structural protein P7 for the Rice dwarf virus particle assembly.

The Rice dwarf virus (RDV) P7 structural protein is the key protein in the RDV particle assembly. The P7 protein was digested partially or completely by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and/or Pseudomonas fragi Asp-N protease. The molecular mass and the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the polypeptide fragments of the P7 protein were determined by SDS-PAGE and the Edman degradation method, respectively.

Accumulation of pathogenesis-related type-5 like proteins in phytoplasma-infected garland chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum coronarium.

Soluble proteins extracted from leaves, apical shoots, axillary shoots, and stems of garland chrysanthemum plants infected by onion yellows phytoplasma were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Computerized matching analysis revealed that at least six soluble proteins were accumulated specifically in phytoplasma-infected garland chrysanthemum. N-terminal amino acids sequences of these soluble proteins, determined by Edman degradation, shared high sequence similarities with those of pathogenesis-related type-5 (PR-5) proteins such as tobacco thaumatin-like protein.

[Genetic analysis for developmental behavior of honeybee colony's royal jelly production traits in western honeybees].

Analyses of genotypic effects for colony's royal jelly (RJ) yields and RJ in each queen cell as well as acceptances of queen cell cups of three lines of Western honeybees (Apis melliffera Lingistica) were conducted by using a genotypic model for analyzing the genetic and non-genetic effects. Analytis approaches of conventional and conditional variance and correlation were employed to evaluate the developmental behavior of honeybee colony's RJ producing ability. The results indicated that significant variance due to genotypic effect was detected for colony's RJ yields and RJ in each queen cell cup at all stages, while the acceptance of queen cell cups was found variance significantly at 10 stages of its total 11.