Elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to cerebral small vessel disease in mouse models of Gould syndrome.

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Studying monogenic CSVD can reveal pathways that are dysregulated in common sporadic forms of the disease and may represent therapeutic targets. Mutations in collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause highly penetrant CSVD as part of a multisystem disorder referred to as Gould syndrome.

[Monthly deworming in dogs for echinococcosis control in two counties of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region].

Objective: To verify the application and effectiveness of monthly deworming for all dogs in the control of Echinococcus granulosus infection.

Methods: Baited praziquantel was used to treat all registered dogs monthly by hydatid disease control officers at village level and all stray (unowned) dogs were eliminated in the counties of Hutubi and Wensu in 1987-1990 and 1990-1994 respectively. Prevalence of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep was recorded yearly.