Foxp2 Is Required for Nucleus Accumbens-mediated Multifaceted Limbic Function.

The forkhead box protein P2 (Foxp2), initially identified for its role in speech and language development, plays an important role in neural development. Previous studies investigated the function of the Foxp2 gene by deleting or mutating Foxp2 from developmental stages. Little is known about its physiological function in adult brains.

An examination of the roles of glutamate and sex in latent inhibition: Relevance to the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia?

The present study examined the effects of the glutamate receptor antagonist MK-801, the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and sexual dimorphism on latent inhibition to elucidate the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. During the pre-exposure phase, 56 male and 65 female Wistar rats were intracerebroventricularly administered normal saline, MK-801 or NMDA, in the left ventricle and then exposed to a passive avoidance box (or a different context) in three trials over 3 days. Then, all of the rats were placed in the light compartment of the passive avoidance box and were allowed to enter the dark compartment, where they each received a footshock (1mA, 2s) in five trials over 5 days.

Gender differences in the effects of presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine agonists on latent inhibition in rats.

The present study investigated gender differences in the effects of presynaptic and postsynaptic DA agonists on latent inhibition in the passive avoidance paradigm. During the preexposure phase, 32 male and 32 female Wistar rats were exposed to a passive avoidance box (or a different context) and received drug injections in three trials: the control group received an injection of 10% ascorbic acid in a different context. The experimental groups received injections of 10% ascorbic acid (latent inhibition [LI] group), 1mg/kg of the postsynaptic DA D(1)/D(2) agonist apomorphine (APO group), and 1.