Esophageal ILC2s mediate abnormal epithelial remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis via Areg-EGFR signaling.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic disorder characterized by eosinophilia and epithelial thickening, resulting in dysphagia. While emerging evidence implicates increased frequencies of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and increased interleukin (IL)-33 expression in EoE pathogenesis, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of ILC2s in EoE pathogenesis.

The association between ephrin receptor-A1 expression and survival in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Ephrin receptor-A1 (EPHA1) participates in various developmental processes by engaging in cell adhesion, migration, and tissue boundary formation. EPHA1 is also associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. However, the results of individual studies were inconsistent.

Prognostic Value of NOX4 Expression in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Recent studies have shown that nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is related to cancer development, proliferation, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis. The prognostic value of NOX4 expression although has been reported in various cancers, it remains unclear as several studies have reported conflicting results. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the prognostic value of NOX4 expression in cancer patients.

CXCR3 expression as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis, and CXCR3 expression is associated with prognosis in many cancers. Recently, CXCR3 expression is recognized as a potential prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer. In this study, we analyzed the prognostic significance of CXCR3 expression in gastric cancer.

SNU-333 Cells as an Appropriate Cell Line for the Orthotopic Renal Cell Carcinoma Model.

: To investigate a feasible candidate for an appropriate cell line for the orthotopic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) model. Normal human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) and RCC cells were used for MTT assay, Western blotting, sphere-forming assay, and orthotopic injection of BALB/c-nude mice. Immunohistochemistry was adopted in tissue arrays and orthotopic tumors.

Expression profile of intestinal stem cell and cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancers with submucosal invasion.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to be responsible for tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Submucosal invasion, which greatly enhances metastasis risk, is a critical step in gastric cancer (GC) progression. To identify stem cell-related markers associated with submucosal invasion and lymph node (LN) metastasis in GCs, we investigated the expression of candidate CSC markers (CD133, CD44, and ALDH1A) and intestinal stem cell (ISC) markers (EPHB2, OLFM4, and LGR5) in early GCs that manifested submucosal invasion.

The relationship between hepatoma-derived growth factor and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) promotes cancer progression and metastasis by interacting with vascular endothelial growth factor, thereby inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis. Recent studies have correlated increased HDGF levels with poor prognosis in various malignancies, including lung cancer. This meta-analysis systematically assessed the prognostic significance of HDGF expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

A Prospective Validation and Observer Performance Study of a Deep Learning Algorithm for Pathologic Diagnosis of Gastric Tumors in Endoscopic Biopsies.

Purpose: Gastric cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Northeast Asia. Population-based endoscopic screenings in the region have yielded successful results in early detection of gastric tumors. Endoscopic screening rates are continuously increasing, and there is a need for an automatic computerized diagnostic system to reduce the diagnostic burden.

Prognostic and clinicopathological roles of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in thymic epithelial tumors: A meta-analysis.

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is one of the immune checkpoint proteins, and plays an important role in the progression and microenvironment of cancer. PD-L1 expression has been associated with poor survival in many cancers. Several studies have also shown an association between PD-L1 expression and the prognosis of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

SMOC2, an intestinal stem cell marker, is an independent prognostic marker associated with better survival in colorectal cancers.

We aimed to investigate the expression profile of SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 (SMOC2) during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and assess its prognostic impact in CRC patients. In our study, we showed that SMOC2 transcript level was higher in CRC samples than in normal mucosa (P = 0.017); this level was not associated with candidate cancer stem cell markers (CD44, CD166, CD133, and CD24) or intestinal stem cell markers (LGR5, ASCL2, and EPHB2) except for OLFM4 (P = 0.

Prognostic Value of CD63 Expression in Solid Tumors: A Meta-analysis of the Literature.

Background: CD63 has been described as a key factor in extracellular vesicle production and endosomal cargo sorting, and there have been certain reports suggesting an association between CD63 expression and survival in patients with tumors including gastric, colon and lung cancer. However, the prognostic value of CD63 expression remains contradictory. Hence, we performed this meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of CD63 expression in solid tumors.

Prognostic significance of Rab27 expression in solid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rab27 is an essential molecule of vesicle fusion and trafficking in exosome secretion process, which plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis. Recent studies reported that Rab27 expression is also associated with cancer prognosis. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to reveal the prognostic significance of Rab27 expression in solid cancer.

Ephrin Receptor B2 Expression May Be a Prognostic Marker for Patients With Cancer: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Recent studies have revealed that ephrin receptor (EPH) is implicated in important signal transduction of cancer development and progression. EPHB2 is expressed in human cancer, and reported to be related to the prognosis of colorectal, gastric and breast cancer. This meta-analysis was systematically assessed the prognostic roles of EPHB2 expression in patients with cancer.

Expression Profile and Prognostic Significance of EPHB3 in Colorectal Cancer.

The protein tyrosine kinase Ephrin type-B receptor 3 (EPHB3) is expressed in cells at the base of intestinal crypts, acting as a cellular guide in the maintenance of intestinal crypt architecture. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of EPHB3 in colorectal precancerous lesions and colorectal cancers (CRCs), and assess its prognostic value. EPHB3 expression was higher in CRCs than in normal mucosa and was associated with the intestinal stem cell markers EPHB2, OLFM4, LRIG1, and a proposed cancer stem cell marker, CD44.

Downregulation of SMOC2 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its prognostic significance.

Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium-binding protein-2 (SMOC2), a secreted matricellular protein, is reported to be involved in various processes related to cancer progression such as regulating the cell cycle, angiogenesis, and invasion. However, its expression and prognostic significance in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) remains unknown. Using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression profile of SMOC2 and its prognostic value in a large cohort of PTCs.

Expression profile of sonic hedgehog signaling-related molecules in basal cell carcinoma.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common human cancer, characterized by aberrant activation of the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway resulting from mutations in the patched 1 (PTCH1) or smoothened (SMO) genes. In the present study, to uncover the expression profile of HH signaling-related molecules, we thoroughly examined the mRNA and protein expression levels of six molecules including GLI1, GLI2, PTCH1, PTCH2, SHH, and SMO in BCC and various other cutaneous tumors. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that BCC showed remarkably enhanced mRNA expression of all HH molecules, except SMO compared to other skin tumors.

Expression Profile of LGR5 and Its Prognostic Significance in Colorectal Cancer Progression.

We investigated the expression profile of leucine-rich, repeat-containing, G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) during colorectal cancer (CRC) progression and determined the prognostic impact of LGR5 in a large cohort of CRC samples. LGR5 expression was higher in CRCs than in normal mucosa, and was not associated with other cancer stem cell markers. LGR5 positivity was observed in 68% of 788 CRCs and was positively correlated with older age, moderately to well-differentiated cells, and nuclear β-catenin expression.

Prognostic Significance of EPHB2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer Progression.

Background: A receptor tyrosine kinase for ephrin ligands, EPHB2, is expressed in normal colorectal tissues and colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study was to investigate EPHB2 expression over CRC progression and determine its prognostic significance in CRC.

Methods: To measure EPHB2 mRNA and protein expression, real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed in 32 fresh-frozen and 567 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded CRC samples, respectively.

Expression profile of intestinal stem cell markers in colitis-associated carcinogenesis.

The intestinal epithelium has two distinct two stem cell populations, namely, crypt base columnar (CBC) cells and +4 cells. Several specific markers have been identified for each stem cell population. In this study, we examined the expression profiles of these markers in colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) to investigate whether they can be used as biomarkers for the early detection of dysplasia.

GREM1 is expressed in the cancer-associated myofibroblasts of basal cell carcinomas.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer progression through their complex interactions with cancer cells. The secreted bone morphogenetic protein antagonist, gremlin1 (GREM1) is expressed by the CAFs of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and promotes the growth of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of GREM1 mRNAs in various benign and malignant skin tumors, including various BCC subtypes.

FOXO1 Suppression is a Determinant of Acquired Lapatinib-Resistance in HER2-Positive Gastric Cancer Cells Through MET Upregulation.

Purpose: Lapatinib is a candidate drug for treatment of trastuzumab-resistant, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer (GC). Unfortunately, lapatinib resistance renders this drug ineffective. The present study investigated the implication of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) signaling in the acquired lapatinib resistance in HER2-positive GC cells.

Distinct expression profile of stem cell markers, LGR5 and LGR6, in basaloid skin tumors.

Mammalian epidermis, which is composed of hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and interfollicular epidermis, is maintained by discrete stem cells. In vivo lineage tracing demonstrated that murine LGR5 cells are mainly responsible for hair follicle regeneration whereas LGR6 cells generate sebaceous glands and interfollicular epidermis. However, little is known about their expression in the human skin tumors.

Prognostic significance of stromal GREM1 expression in colorectal cancer.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts are the dominant cell population in the cancer stroma. Gremlin 1 (GREM1), an antagonist of the bone morphogenetic protein pathway, is expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts in a variety of human cancers. However, its biological significance for cancer patients is largely unknown.