Complete mitochondrial genome of (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae).

is a small fish endemic to the upper Yangtze River of China. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of is determined for the first time, and it should become a reference sequence to aid in species identification, biodiversity monitoring and conservation. The mitogenome has overall length of 16,610 bp and AT content of 55.

Antibodies Against Alkaline Protease Directly Enhance Disruption of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediated by This Enzyme.

Extracellular traps released by neutrophils (NETs) are essential for the clearance of . Alkaline protease (AprA) secreted by negatively correlates with clinical improvement. Moreover, anti-AprA in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) can help identify patients with aggressive forms of chronic infection.

Novel human monoclonal antibodies targeting the F subunit of leukocidins reduce disease progression and mortality caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of Gram-positive bacterial infections worldwide; however, the treatment of S. aureus infection has become increasingly difficult due to the prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, highlighting the urgent need for the development of novel strategies.

Release of nitric oxide by N-nitropyrazoles in rabbit lacrimal gland cell culture.

Purpose: In order to prove the effects of N-nitropyrazoles to increase ocular blood flow and to facilitate retinal function after ischemia are due to nitric oxide (NO) release, eleven N-nitropyrazoles which are known NO donors were used to test their ability to produce NO in rabbit lacrimal gland (RLG) cell cultures.

Methods: Nitropyrazoles (0.3-3 microg/ml) were added into RLG cell culture and the NO produced was determined with nitrate-nitrite colorimetric assay.

Relationship between nitric oxide production and choroidal blood flow.

Purpose: To invent a drug which can specifically facilitate choroid blood flow via increase of nitric oxide (NO).

Method: Cell culture was used for in vitro experiments to determine the production of NO by NO donors and colored microsphere technique was used for in vivo experiments to determine the blood flow in various tissues of rabbit eyes.

Results: ZX-5 and ZX-4 are two geographic isomers with ZX-5 as trans-form and ZX-4 as cis-form.

Effects of C-nitropyrazoles and C-nitroazoles on ocular blood flow and retinal function recovery after ischemic insult.

Aim: Effects of C-nitropyrazoles and C-nitroazoles on ocular blood flow and retinal function recovery after ischemia have been studied.

Methods: The compounds were tested on ocular blood flow of ocular hypertensive (40 mmHg) rabbit eyes with colored microsphere technique. They were also tested on the retinal function recovery after ischemia of rat eyes with electroretinography.

Nitric oxide donors: effects of S-nitrosoglutathione and 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile on ocular blood flow and retinal function recovery.

It is known that NO is involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal function recovery after ischemia. Thus, S-nitrosoglutathione (RVC-588) and 4-phenyl-3-furoxancarbonitrile (RVC-589) as NO donor and precursor, respectively, were studied in terms of their ability to increase b-wave recovery of electroretinogram (ERG) and ocular blood flow. It was found that RVC-588 increased b-wave amplitude markedly from 28% (control) to 67% (treated) and the blood flow significantly in the retina, choroid, and ciliary body.