Trend analysis of diabetic prevalence and incidence in a rural area of South Korea between 2003-2008.

Unlabelled: Aims/Introduction:  This study determined the change in prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes over a period of 5 years in South Korea. The incidence of diabetes and prediabetes and risk factors associated with the development of diabetes were also investigated.

Materials And Methods:   The Dalseong population-based cohort survey recruited 1806 subjects who were over 20-years-old in 2003.

Effect of the combination of mitiglinide and metformin on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Unlabelled: Aims/Introduction:  Mitiglinide is the newest drug in the meglitinide family. It increases the early-phase insulin release through rapid association-dissociation kinetics in the pancreatic β cells. The efficacy and safety of adding meglitinide to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes are unknown.

Factors that Affect Medication Adherence in Elderly Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: This study was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting medication adherence in geriatric diabetic patients treated at private clinics and tertiary hospitals. We compared the factors affecting medication adherence between these two patient groups.

Methods: We included 108 diabetic patients older than 65 years treated at one tertiary hospital and 157 patients older than 65 years treated at two private clinics.

Relationship between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and coronary artery calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes.

To test the hypothesis that cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in Type 2 diabetes is a risk factor of coronary artery calcification (CAC), in this cross-sectional study, 118 patients (60 males, 58 females) with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly selected from the diabetes clinic of Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea, between January, 2008 and September, 2008. The subjects, whose mean age was 56.9+/-1.

Impact of ENPP1 and MMP3 gene polymorphisms on aortic calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes in a Korean population.

Aims: We investigated whether gene polymorphisms of Ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) are associated with increased vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluated whether serum MMP3 and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels are related to calcification.

Methods: This study included 464 subjects: 269 patients with T2D and 195 healthy controls in South Korea. We genotyped subjects for four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): ENPP1 K121Q, ENPP1 A/G+1044TGA, MMP3 -709A>G and MMP3 -1475G>A.

Cilostazol inhibits high glucose- and angiotensin II-induced type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor expression in artery wall and neointimal region after vascular injury.

Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in vascular tissues is a potential factor linking diabetes to restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Recent studies have shown that cilostazol, a selective type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, prevents neointimal hyperplasia and in-stent thrombosis in patients with diabetes after coronary angioplasty and stent implantation. However, the molecular mechanism of this drug has not been fully elucidated.

Novel mutation of aquaporin-2 gene in a patient with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare inherited disease, characterized by an inability of the kidney to concentrate urine in response to vasopressin. Three different inheritance patterns have been described, i.e.

Novel LMNA gene mutation in a patient with Atypical Werner's Syndrome.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner's syndrome are representative types of progeroid syndrome. LMNA (Lamin A/C) gene mutation with atypical Werner's syndrome have recently been reported. Atypical Werner's syndrome with the severe metabolic complications, the extent of the lipodystrophy is associated with A133L mutation in the LMNA gene and these patients present with phenotypically heterogeneous disorders.

Glucotoxicity in the INS-1 rat insulinoma cell line is mediated by the orphan nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner.

Prolonged elevations of glucose concentration have deleterious effects on beta-cell function. One of the hallmarks of such glucotoxicity is a reduction in insulin gene expression, resulting from decreased insulin promoter activity. Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that inhibits nuclear receptor signaling in diverse metabolic pathways.

Effects of PGC-1alpha on TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 and VCAM-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation in human aortic smooth muscle and endothelial cells.

Increased oxidative stress in vascular cells is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce vascular inflammation via the proinflammatory cytokine/NF-kappaB pathway. Several lines of evidence suggest that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha) is an important regulator of intracellular ROS levels.

Elevation of urinary betaig-h3, transforming growth factor-beta-induced protein in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a pro-sclerotic growth factor implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. betaig-h3 is an extracellular matrix protein which is induced in many cells by TGF-beta. This study examined urinary betaig-h3 excretion in diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion and the clinical application of urinary betaig-h3 as a marker of diabetic nephropathy.

TGF-beta-induced protein beta ig-h3 is upregulated by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells.

TGF-beta-induced gene-h3 (beta ig-h3) is an adhesive molecule that interacts with integrins. Because TGF-beta plays an important role in diabetic complications and beta ig-h3 serves as a cell substrate, we hypothesized that diabetic conditions might increase beta ig-h3 synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may subsequently contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. The concentrations of beta ig-h3 and TGF-beta were measured in conditioned media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.