Distinct characteristics of MetALD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease with greater alcohol consumption) in the general population.

Aim: The term MetALD has been introduced to describe individuals who have metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with greater alcohol consumption, according to the new nomenclature for steatotic liver disease (SLD). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of MetALD in the general population.

Methods: This study is a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis that utilizes the population-based data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) undertaken between 2019 and 2021.

Kidney, ureter, and urinary bladder segmentation based on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography images using modified U-Net.

This study was performed to segment the urinary system as the basis for diagnosing urinary system diseases on non-contrast computed tomography (CT). This study was conducted with images obtained between January 2016 and December 2020. During the study period, non-contrast abdominopelvic CT scans of patients and diagnosed and treated with urinary stones at the emergency departments of two institutions were collected.

[Rectal Syphilis Mimicking Malignancy: A Case Report].

Rectal syphilis is a rare form of syphilis presentation and its symptoms, endoscopic and radiologic findings are nonspecific. Rectal syphilis typically presents with features such as concentric rectal wall thickening, mucosal hyperemia, perirectal fat stranding, and lymphadenopathy. Rectal cancer exhibits asymmetric wall thickening and lymph node necrosis, aiding in the differentiation between these two diseases.

Myosteatosis and aortic calcium score on abdominal CT as prognostic markers in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.

We aimed to examine the relationship between abdominal computed tomography (CT)-based body composition data and both renal function decline and all-cause mortality in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). This retrospective study comprised non-dialysis CKD patients who underwent consecutive unenhanced abdominal CT between January 2010 and December 2011. CT-based body composition was measured using semiautomated method that included visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle area and density, and abdominal aortic calcium score (AAS).

Retroperitoneal Ectopic Pregnancy Detected by CT: A Case Report.

Retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. Owing to its rarity and nonspecific symptoms, diagnosing retroperitoneal ectopic pregnancy at the initial presentation poses a significant challenge. Typically, the diagnosis relies on non-radiation imaging modalities, such as ultrasonography and MRI, whereas CT is infrequently used.

Pancreas CT assessment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resectability: effect of tube voltage and slice thickness on image quality and diagnostic performance.

Objectives: To assess the resectability of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the evaluation of tumor vascular contact holds paramount significance. This study aimed to compare the image quality and diagnostic performance of high-resolution (HR) pancreas computed tomography (CT) using an 80 kVp tube voltage and a thin slice (1 mm) for assessing PDAC resectability, in comparison with the standard protocol CT using 120 kVp.

Methods: This research constitutes a secondary analysis originating from a multicenter prospective study.

Prevalence, distribution, and hepatic fibrosis burden of the different subtypes of steatotic liver disease in primary care settings.

Background And Aim: In relation to the new umbrella terminology for steatotic liver disease (SLD), we aimed to elucidate the prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of the SLD subgroups in the primary care setting.

Approach And Results: We retrospectively collected data from 2535 individuals who underwent magnetic resonance elastography and MRI proton density fat fraction during health checkups in 5 primary care health promotion clinics. We evaluated the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors according to predefined criteria and divided all the participants according to the new SLD classification.

Discordance diagnosis between B-mode ultrasonography and MRI proton density fat fraction for fatty liver.

We aimed to evaluate the frequency and causes of discordant results in fatty liver (FL) diagnosis between B-mode ultrasonography (B-USG) and magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF). We analyzed patients who underwent both B-USG and MRI-PDFF within a 6-month interval. We made a confusion matrix for FL diagnosis between B-USG and MRI-PDFF and identified four discordant groups as follows: (1) the "UFL-MnFL-wo" group [B-USG FL-MRI-PDFF no FL without chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC)]; (2) the "UFL-MnFL-w" group (B-USG FL-MRI-PDFF no FL with CLD or LC); (3) the "UnFL-MFL-wo" group (B-USG no FL-MRI-PDFF FL without CLD or LC); and (4) the "UnFL-MFL-w" group (B-USG no FL-MRI-PDFF FL with CLD or LC).

Diagnostic Clues for Women with Acute Surgical Abdomen Associated with Ruptured Endometrioma.

(1) Background: An investigation of the preoperative diagnostic clues used to identify ruptured endometrioma by comparing the ruptured and unruptured states in patients who underwent laparoscopic operations due to endometrioma. (2) Methods: Patients with ruptured endometriomas (14 patients) and unruptured endometriomas (60 patients) were included, and clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and radiological findings were analyzed. (3) Results: There were no significant differences in age, parity, last menstrual cycle days, or median size of endometrioma between two groups (group A: ruptured; group B: unruptured).

Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Tests for Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis in Young Age Population.

Background & Aims: Most noninvasive tests (NITs) for hepatic fibrosis are designed for middle-aged patients with chronic liver disease. We compared the diagnostic performance of major NITs (aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index [APRI], Fibrosis-4 index, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score) for a community-based cohort.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 8775 participants who underwent magnetic resonance elastography at community health check-up centers.

A Phase 2a, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of ALS-L1023 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Preclinical data have shown that the herbal extract, ALS-L1023, from reduces visceral fat and hepatic steatosis. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of ALS-L1023 as the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We conducted a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2a study in patients with NAFLD (MRI-proton density fat fraction [MRI-PDFF] ≥ 8% and liver fibrosis ≥ 2.

High-resolution pancreatic computed tomography for assessing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resectability: a multicenter prospective study.

Objective: This prospective multicenter study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of 80-kVp thin-section pancreatic CT in determining pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resectability according to the recent National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled surgical resection candidates for PDAC from six tertiary referral hospitals (study identifier: NCT03895177). All participants underwent pancreatic CT using 80 kVp tube voltage with 1-mm reconstruction interval.

Effect of Contrast Level and Image Format on a Deep Learning Algorithm for the Detection of Pneumothorax with Chest Radiography.

Under the black-box nature in the deep learning model, it is uncertain how the change in contrast level and format affects the performance. We aimed to investigate the effect of contrast level and image format on the effectiveness of deep learning for diagnosing pneumothorax on chest radiographs. We collected 3316 images (1016 pneumothorax and 2300 normal images), and all images were set to the standard contrast level (100%) and stored in the Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine and Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) formats.

Pretreatment CT differential diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis from peritoneal carcinomatosis of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Delayed diagnosis of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) can lead to inappropriate treatment and unnecessary surgical procedures rather than standard anti-TB medication. We tried to evaluate the use of computed tomography (CT) imaging to differentiate TB peritonitis from peritoneal carcinomatosis of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (AEOC). We investigated women who underwent CT to distinguish between TB peritonitis and peritoneal carcinomatosis of AEOC.

Sarcopenia assessed with DXA and CT increases the risk of perioperative complications in patients with gastrectomy.

Objectives: We investigated sarcopenia prevalence using various diagnostic criteria based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) in gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy, and evaluated the association between sarcopenia and perioperative complications.

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy, and preoperative DXA and CT from January 2013 to November 2020. Body composition was measured using DXA and CT.

Three segments sampling strategy for the assessment of liver steatosis using magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction.

Purpose: This research aims to determine the best liver segments representing the whole-liver fat fraction (FF) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurement of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF).

Method: This retrospective study included 989 adult subjects who underwent MRI-PDFF from March 2018 to January 2021. Three regions of interest (ROI) were measured and averaged for each hepatic segment and the volume-weighted hepatic FF was calculated.

A Reappraisal of the Diagnostic Performance of B-Mode Ultrasonography for Mild Liver Steatosis.

Introduction: Previous studies have shown that ultrasonography has high specificity (80%-100%) but low sensitivity (50%-70%) in diagnosing fatty liver; sensitivity is especially low for mild steatosis. In this study, we aimed to reappraise the diagnostic performance of B-mode ultrasonography (B-USG) for fatty liver disease.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, multinational, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study (6 referral centers from 3 nations).

Erratum: Systemic Manifestations of Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease: A Pictorial Essay.

[This corrects the article on p. 575 in vol. 82.

Automatic Segmentation for Favourable Delineation of Ten Wrist Bones on Wrist Radiographs Using Convolutional Neural Network.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate an automatic segmentation algorithm for the boundary delineation of ten wrist bones, consisting of eight carpal and two distal forearm bones, using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Methods: We performed a retrospective study using adult wrist radiographs. We labeled the ground truth masking of wrist bones, and propose that the Fine Mask R-CNN consisted of wrist regions of interest (ROI) using a Single-Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) and segmentation via Mask R-CNN, plus the extended mask head.

Differentiation of Small Hepatic Abscess From Hepatic Metastasis With a Combination of Imaging Parameters.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the combination imaging features to differentiate small (the lesion size of 3 cm or less) hepatic abscess from metastasis.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with preexisting malignancy and small hepatic lesions who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 4 days between March 2017 and July 2020. Two radiologists independently evaluated the imaging features of each focal hepatic lesion.

Prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis and comorbidity in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in Korea.

Background & Aims: There are several reports on the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the prevalence of advanced hepatic fibrosis in MAFLD is largely unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of advanced fibrosis in MAFLD.

Transplantation of patient-specific bile duct bioengineered with chemically reprogrammed and microtopographically differentiated cells.

Cholangiopathy is a diverse spectrum of chronic progressive bile duct disorders with limited treatment options and dismal outcomes. Scaffold- and stem cell-based tissue engineering technologies hold great promise for reconstructive surgery and tissue repair. Here, we report a combined application of 3D scaffold fabrication and reprogramming of patient-specific human hepatocytes to produce implantable artificial tissues that imitate the mechanical and biological properties of native bile ducts.

Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Ascites in Gastric Cancer Patients after Curative Surgery.

We aimed to determine the frequency and clinical significance of ascites that developed during the follow-up period in patients who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer. The study included 577 patients with gastric cancer who underwent curative gastrectomy. Among them, 184 showed ascites in postoperative follow-up images.