Population density, socioeconomic environment and all-cause mortality: a multilevel survival analysis of 2.7 million individuals in Denmark.

This study examines the relative effects of population density and area-level SES on all-cause mortality in Denmark. A shared frailty model was fitted with 2.7 million persons aged 30-81 years in 2,121 parishes.

Are characteristics of the school district associated with active transportation to school in Danish adolescents?

Background: This study sought to determine the influence of individual factors on active transportation to school among Danish seventh graders and whether school district factors are associated with such behaviour independently of individual factors.

Methods: Mixed effects logistic regression models determined the effects of individual (gender, family affluence, enjoyment of school and academic performance) and school district factors (educational level, household savings, land use and size) on active transportation to school (by foot, bicycle or other active means) among 10 380 pupils aged 13-15 years nested in 407 school districts.

Results: Of all students, 64.

Effects of school district factors on alcohol consumption: results of a multi-level analysis among Danish adolescents.

Background: Area-level socio-economic factors are significantly related to a population's health. This study investigates how school district-level factors affect the initiation of alcohol drinking of Danish adolescents.

Methods: A survey sample of 11,223 female and male pupils in the 7th grade from 447 schools across Denmark was analysed for the outcome variable drinking initiation and a number of individual level predictors.