Self-Management Strategies for Low Back Pain Among Horticulture Workers: Protocol for a Type II Hybrid Effectiveness-Implementation Study.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is highly prevalent and disabling, especially in agriculture sectors. However, there is a gap in LBP prevention and intervention studies in these physically demanding occupations, and to date, no studies have focused on horticulture workers. Given the challenges of implementing interventions for those working in small businesses, self-management offers an attractive and feasible option to address work-related risk factors and manage LBP.

Ethical principles for practice building in the era of targeted radioligand therapy.

Theranostics is emerging as a critical pillar of oncologic management, as exemplified by the success of Lu-177-PSMA-617 for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer. The emergence of such theranostic agents represents an opportunity to reconsider facets of nuclear medicine practice that will enable its engagement in high-volume radioligand delivery. In this article, we aim to explore simple ethical principles that can guide the development of theranostics programs as radiopharmaceutical agents proliferate and the typical nuclear medicine physician transitions from a primarily diagnostic role to a mixed diagnostic and therapeutic role.

A Practical Framework for Promoting Justice-Oriented Innovation in Radiology.

This article argues that innovation should be guided by the values of the field it hopes to advance. As radiology has come to recognize its role in creating or perpetuating imaging disparities, it has become evident that imaging disparities may arise from innovations that fail to consider impacts on justice from the outset. Acknowledging that a radiologist's deepest commitments as a physician involve doing no harm, doing good, and ensuring justice, we propose redefining stewardship in radiologic innovation to include a positive obligation to prioritize justice in innovation.

Improving Endoscopy Nursing Staff's Patient Management Through the Implementation of an Education Initiative.

Endoscopic procedure areas have high-volume, fast-paced work environments. This practice requires a diverse range of knowledge and skills that are continuously changing with the evolution of high-acuity procedures and the shift toward routine use of anesthesia services. Endoscopy nursing staff have recently shown higher levels of stress and emotional exhaustion than their colleagues in similar practice settings.

A novel class of insecticidal alkylsulfones are potent inhibitors of vesicular acetylcholine transport.

Pyridine alkylsulfone derivatives typified by oxazosulfyl (Sumitomo Chemical Company Ltd.) and compound A2 (Syngenta) represent a new class of insecticides, with potent activity against several insect orders. Whilst the MOA of this class has been attributed to interaction with the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), here we present strong evidence that their toxicity to insects is mediated primarily through inhibition of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT).

Introducing Elinor for monitoring the governance and management of area-based conservation.

Monitoring the governance and management effectiveness of area-based conservation has long been recognized as an important foundation for achieving national and global biodiversity goals and enabling adaptive management. However, there are still many barriers that prevent conservation actors, including those affected by governance and management systems from implementing conservation activities and programs and from gathering and using data on governance and management to inform decision-making across spatial scales and through time. We explored current and past efforts to assess governance and management effectiveness and barriers actors face in using the resulting data and insights to inform conservation decision-making.

Effects of management objectives and rules on marine conservation outcomes.

Understanding the relative effectiveness and enabling conditions of different area-based management tools is essential for supporting efforts that achieve positive biodiversity outcomes as area-based conservation coverage increases to meet newly set international targets. We used data from a coastal social-ecological monitoring program in 6 Indo-Pacific countries to analyze whether social, ecological, and economic objectives and specific management rules (temporal closures, fishing gear-specific, species-specific restrictions) were associated with coral reef fish biomass above sustainable yield levels across different types of area-based management tools (i.e.

The changing profile of the internationally educated nurse workforce: Post-pandemic implications for health human resource planning.

As part of its post COVID-19 recovery plan, the Canadian government is increasing the number of skilled immigrants, including Internationally Educated Nurses (IENs). However, pre-pandemic data show that IENs are underutilized and underemployed despite their education and experience. Focusing on the province of Ontario, this article explores trends in the IEN workforce and policies to address the nursing shortage.

Craniofacial diversity across Danionins and the effects of TH status on craniofacial morphology of two Danio species.

The model zebrafish ( ) belongs to the Danioninae subfamily with a range of informative phenotypes. However, the craniofacial diversity across the subfamily is not fully described. To better understand craniofacial phenotypes across Danioninae we used microCT and 3D geometric morphometrics to capture skull shapes from nine species.

Electrophysiological markers for anticipatory processing of nocebo-augmented pain.

Nocebo effects on pain are widely thought to be driven by negative expectations. This suggests that anticipatory processing, or some other form of top-down cognitive activity prior to the experience of pain, takes place to form sensory-augmenting expectations. However, little is known about the neural markers of anticipatory processing for nocebo effects.

The Optimal Learning Cocktail for Placebo Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Individual and Combined Techniques.

This study investigated for the first time the effects of individual and combined application of 3 learning techniques (verbal suggestions, classical conditioning, and observational learning) on placebo analgesia and extinction. Healthy participants (N = 206) were assigned to 8 different groups in which they were taught through either a verbal suggestion, a conditioning paradigm, a video observing someone, or any combination thereof that a placebo device (inactive transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation [TENS]) was capable of alleviating heat pain, whereas one group did not (control). Placebo analgesia was quantified as the within-group difference in experienced pain when the placebo device was (sham) 'activated' or 'inactivated' during equal pain stimuli, and compared between groups.

Hospital Culture and Intensity of End-of-Life Care at 3 Academic Medical Centers.

Importance: There is substantial institutional variability in the intensity of end-of-life care that is not explained by patient preferences. Hospital culture and institutional structures (eg, policies, practices, protocols, resources) might contribute to potentially nonbeneficial high-intensity life-sustaining treatments near the end of life.

Objective: To understand the role of hospital culture in the everyday dynamics of high-intensity end-of-life care.

Justice and Innovation in Radiology.

Imaging is a central determinant of health outcomes, and radiologic disparities can cascade throughout a patient's illness course. Innovative efforts in radiology are constant, but innovation that is driven by short-term profit-making incentives without explicit regard for principles of justice can lead to exclusion of the vulnerable from potential benefits and widening of inequities. Accordingly, we must consider the ways in which the field of radiology can shape innovative efforts to ensure that innovation ameliorates injustice instead of exacerbating it.

Shared cross-cultural principles underlie human prosocial behavior at the smallest scale.

Prosociality and cooperation are key to what makes us human. But different cultural norms can shape our evolved capacities for interaction, leading to differences in social relations. How people share resources has been found to vary across cultures, particularly when stakes are high and when interactions are anonymous.

Investigating features that contribute to evaluations of intrusiveness for thoughts and memories.

What makes a thought feel intrusive? One possibility is that traumatic experiences are the primary cause of intrusive thoughts and memories. Another possibility is that experiences of intrusiveness arise from the features involved with re-experiencing. We investigated several features that may lead a thought to feel intrusive: task-congruence, repetition, and affective content.

Learned Nocebo Effects on Cutaneous Sensations of Pain and Itch: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Experimental Behavioral Studies on Healthy Humans.

Objective: In past decades, the field of nocebo research has focused on studying how sensory perception can be shaped by learning. Nocebo effects refer to aggravated sensory experiences or increased sensitivity to sensations such as pain and itch resulting from treatment-related negative experiences. Behavioral conditioning and verbal suggestions of a negative treatment outcome may aggravate pain and itch perception.

Placebo effects on cutaneous pain and itch: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental results and methodology.

Placebo effects, positive treatment outcomes that go beyond treatment processes, can alter sensations through learning mechanisms. Understanding how methodological factors contribute to the magnitude of placebo effects will help define the mechanisms by which these effects occur. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental placebo studies in cutaneous pain and itch in healthy samples, focused on how differences in methodology contribute to the resulting placebo effect magnitude.

The generalization of behavioral control over physical threats to social stressors in humans: A pilot fMRI study.

Behavioral control, the ability to manage one's exposure to a given stressor, influences the impacts of both the present and future stressors. Behavioral control over a stressor may decrease stress caused by the stressor, and promote resilience towards future stressors. A lack of behavioral control may exacerbate the stress response and lead to learned helplessness, a generalized view that one cannot control other, unrelated stressors in their environment.

A randomized pharmacological fMRI trial investigating D-cycloserine and brain plasticity mechanisms in learned pain responses.

Learning and negative outcome expectations can increase pain sensitivity, a phenomenon known as nocebo hyperalgesia. Here, we examined how a targeted pharmacological manipulation of learning would impact nocebo responses and their brain correlates. Participants received either a placebo (n = 27) or a single 80 mg dose of D-cycloserine (a partial NMDA receptor agonist; n = 23) and underwent fMRI.