Multifunctional ferrofluid-infused surfaces with reconfigurable multiscale topography.

Developing adaptive materials with geometries that change in response to external stimuli provides fundamental insights into the links between the physical forces involved and the resultant morphologies and creates a foundation for technologically relevant dynamic systems. In particular, reconfigurable surface topography as a means to control interfacial properties has recently been explored using responsive gels, shape-memory polymers, liquid crystals and hybrid composites, including magnetically active slippery surfaces. However, these designs exhibit a limited range of topographical changes and thus a restricted scope of function.

Acute leukemia.

This article provides a review of the acute leukemias with updated basic and practical information. The main emphasis is on techniques used to arrive at the correct diagnosis. Although morphology and cytochemistry were the mainstays of diagnosis in the past, new developments in immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, molecular biology, and in vitro assays have improved the understanding of this disease dramatically and enable the identification of new entities with distinct clinicobiologic features.

Numerous colonic adenomas in an individual with Bloom's syndrome.

Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare recessive disorder caused by germline mutation of the BLM gene. Individuals with BS manifest growth retardation, immunodeficiency, and a predisposition to cancer. In this report, we describe an individual with BS and multiple colonic adenomas reminiscent of familial adenomatous polyposis coli (FAP).

Proximity of chromosomal loci that participate in radiation-induced rearrangements in human cells.

Rearrangements involving the RET gene are common in radiation-associated papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The RET/PTC1 type of rearrangement is an inversion of chromosome 10 mediated by illegitimate recombination between the RET and the H4 genes, which are 30 megabases apart. Here we ask whether despite the great linear distance between them, RET and H4 recombination might be promoted by their proximity in the nucleus.

Phase II trial of menogaril in patients with previously treated multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Menogaril is a semisynthetic anthracycline with relative lack of cardiotoxicity. Ten patients with multiple myeloma (MM), seven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and one patient with diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DWDL) were treated with menogaril, 160 mg/m2 (for MM) or 200 mg/m2 (for CLL/DWDL), given as a 2-hour intravenous infusion, repeated every 28 days. All patients except one with CLL had been previously treated with one chemotherapy regimen and had either not responded or had relapsed after a response to prior treatment.

Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes--a soft tissue tumor with mesenchymal and neuroendocrine features. An immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic analysis.

Context: Hyalinizing spindle cell tumor with giant rosettes is a recently described biphasic neoplasm of soft tissues that shares mesenchymal and neuroendocrine features. Its morphologic structure is distinctive, with the presence of hyalinized paucicellular foci that are termed rosettes. The cells around the latter display positive immunoreactivity for neuroendocrine markers.

Proliferation-associated SNF2-like gene (PASG): a SNF2 family member altered in leukemia.

To identify genes involved in cell growth and/or apoptosis in leukemia, differential display was used to identify mRNAs that showed altered expression levels after cytokine withdrawal from the cytokine-dependent MO7e cell line. Sequence analysis of one transcript that showed a profound decrease in expression after cytokine withdrawal revealed it to be a member of the SNF2 family of chromatin remodeling ATPases. This cDNA had a 2514-nucleotide (838-amino acid) open reading frame and encoded an additional 230 amino acids at the NH2 terminus compared with the murine homologue, lsh, and the human counterpart, Hells.

Diagnostic analysis of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: five cosmids should be used for microdeletion detection and low number of protein truncating mutations.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a malformation syndrome characterised by facial abnormalities, broad thumbs, broad big toes, and mental retardation. In a subset of RTS patients, microdeletions, translocations, and inversions involving chromosome band 16p13.3 can be detected.

A multicenter investigation with D-FISH BCR/ABL1 probes.

Twenty-eight laboratories evaluated a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) strategy for chronic myeloid leukemia. In a three-part study, bcr/abl1 D-FISH probes were used to study bone marrow specimens. First, laboratories familiarized themselves with the strategy by applying it to known normal and abnormal specimens.

Variation in microdeletions of the cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein gene at chromosome band 16p13.3 in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Most reported microdeletions of the CREB-binding protein (CBP) gene in the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a single cosmid probe specific to the 3' region of the gene. In order to test the hypothesis that the rate of microdeletion-positive cases would be greater if the entire gene was evaluated, we performed FISH on 66 patients with an established diagnosis of RTS, using a panel of five cosmids that span the CBP gene. Five of 66 patients had deletions by FISH (9%), consistent with those rates reported in various series that ranged between 3-25%.

45,X/46,X,r(Y) karyotype transmitted by father to son after intracytoplasmic sperm injection for oligospermia. A case report.

Background: The advent of assisted reproductive techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), has permitted conception and successful pregnancy for an increasing population of infertile men. Approximately 13.7% of infertile men with aspermia and 4.

Cytogenetic analyses of 85 testicular germ cell tumors: comparison of postchemotherapy and untreated tumors.

Cytogenetic analyses of 85 testicular germ cell tumors, of which 54 were karyotypically abnormal, showed recurrent breakpoints at chromosome bands 1p36, 1p13-1qh, 11q23, 19q13, and the pericentromeric regions of the acrocentric chromosomes. Postchemotherapy tumors had significantly more rearrangements of bands 3p25-p26, 6q16-q21, 8p22-p23 when compared with untreated tumors, while untreated tumors had more rearrangements of 9p22-p24 when compared with postchemotherapy tumors. Frequent breakpoints also were identified at 15q15 and 9qh in untreated tumors.

Third report of t(19q)(13.4) in mesenchymal hamartoma of liver with comments on link to embryonal sarcoma.

We report the third known case of mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) with a balanced translocation involving a common breakpoint, 19q13.4. A common clonal chromosome abnormality appears to characterize an important subset of MHL, some of which may be low-grade neoplasms.

Characterization of multiple 12p rearrangements in testicular germ cell tumor cell line 833K and its subclone 64CP by chromosome microdissection.

Rearrangements of chromosome arm 12p are known to be common in germ cell tumors (GCT). Previous studies, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a whole chromosome 12 painting probe, showed unusual distributions of chromosome 12-derived chromatin in GCT cell line 833K and its cisplatin-resistant subclone, 64CP, located next to AgNOR (silver staining nucleolus organizer regions), some of which were ectopic. In this study, the ectopic stalk regions were shown by FISH to be composed of 18s and 28s rDNA, but were flanked by beta-satellite DNA, which may form a barrier around the rDNA.

An assessment of two training interventions designed to increase the knowledge of obstetrical nurses and nurse-midwives about the maternal serum triple screen.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two brief training interventions designed to improve nurses' and nurse-midwives' knowledge about the maternal serum triple screen. The low intervention consisted of written information on the triple screen; the high intervention consisted of written information plus a one hour oral presentation. Knowledge was assessed at baseline, immediately following the oral presentation (high intervention only), and one month following the interventions.

Interphase chromosome painting of paraffin-embedded tissue in the differential diagnosis of possible germ cell tumors.

Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are the most frequent cancer in men aged 15 to 34 years. These tumors are highly responsive to therapy with platinum-containing regimens, and 80% of cases so treated can be considered cured. Cytogenetically, 80% of GCTs have an i(12p) regardless of tumor site or histopathology, and those that are i(12p) negative have other manifestations of 12p amplification.

Genomic structure and chromosome location of the murine PDE1B phosphodiesterase gene.

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and cGMP, thereby participating in regulation of the intracellular concentrations of these second messengers. The PDE1 family is defined by regulation of activity by calcium and calmodulin. We have cloned and characterized the mouse PDE1B gene, which encodes the 63-kDa calcium/calmodulin-dependent PDE (CaM-PDE), an isozyme that is expressed in the CNS in the olfactory tract, dentate gyrus, and striatum and may participate in learning, memory, and regulation of phosphorylation of DARPP-32 in dopaminergic neurons.

Partial trisomy 1q with growth hormone deficiency and normal intelligence.

We present two sibs with partial trisomy 1 (q31.1-q32.1) due to a familial insertion.

A multicenter investigation with interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization using X- and Y-chromosome probes.

Twenty-six laboratories used X and Y chromosome probes and the same procedures to process and examine 15,600 metaphases and 49,400 interphases from Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes. In Part I, each laboratory scored 50 metaphases and 200 interphases from a normal male and a normal female from its own practice. In Part II, each laboratory scored 50 metaphases and 200 interphases on slides prepared by a central laboratory from a normal male and a normal female and three mixtures of cells from the male and female.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization on nuclei from paraffin-embedded tissue in low stage pure embryonal carcinoma of the testis.

Approximately 30% of patients who present with clinical stage A nonseminomatous testis cancer are in fact pathologic stage B. In previous studies an increasing volume of embryonal carcinoma in the orchiectomy specimen was associated with a higher likelihood of being pathologic stage B. However, not all patients with pure embryonal carcinoma in the primary tumor were pathologic stage B.

Bicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization on nuclei from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded testicular germ cell tumors: comparison with standard metaphase analysis.

Rearrangements of chromosome 12, especially i(12p), are common in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). We have developed 12p and 12q chromosome arm-specific painting probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) through the use of chromosome microdissection. We developed a method to hybridize these probes to interphase nuclei released from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors (PET).

Chromosome analyses in a rhabdoid tumor of the brain.

A malignant rhabdoid tumor of the brain from a 19-month-old child was studied. Two related clones, 46,XX,-8,+der(8)t(8;22)(p11;q?12)x2,-22,del(22)(q12q?13) and 46,XX-8,+der(8)t(8;22) (p11;q?12) x2,-22,r(22) were found after chromosome analyses of primary and recurrent tumor, and multiple nude mouse passages of the tumor. Breakpoints were studied using FISH.

Phase II study of induction and adjuvant chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A long-term analysis for the Illinois Cancer Center.

Background: In 1982, the Illinois Cancer Center initiated a Phase II trial in which the following treatment was administered: Induction chemotherapy (cisplatin and infusional 5-fluorouracil [5-FU]) was administered before definitive local therapy. Definitive local therapy, consisting of surgery, radiation, or both, was followed by three cycles of the same chemotherapy program.

Methods: Eligible patients had Stage III or IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with no distant metastases.