Respective roles of the catalytic domains and C-terminal tail peptides in the oligomerization and secretory trafficking of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the T splice variant of acetylcholinesterase that is predominant in mammalian brain and muscles (AChE(T)) possess a characteristic C-terminal tail (t) peptide. This t peptide allows their assembly into tetramers associated with the anchoring proteins ColQ and PRiMA. Although the t peptides of all vertebrate cholinesterases are remarkably similar and, in particular, contain seven strictly conserved aromatic residues, these enzymes differ in some of their oligomerization properties.

[Entrapment syndrome of the superficial posterior sural aponeurosis].

The development of a large circumscribed area of myositis ossificans at the junction of the aponeurosis of the tendo Achilles and the calf muscles may cause compression of the lateral saphenous nerve beneath the tight aponeurotic arch. The condition is usually encountered in athletes. Plantar flexion of the ankle will produce pain and diminution of sensation in the area served by the nerve.

Ultrasonographic anatomy and diagnosis of fetal uropathies affecting the upper urinary tract. II. Nonobstructive uropathies.

The authors describe the ultrasonographic anatomy and semiology of allowing detection of the main types of fetal non-obstructive uropathies. The results of the author's personal experience in this domain are compared to data from the literature. Differential features of the uropathies are given and the limitations and practical significance of prenatal and postnatal ultrasonography are discussed.

[Medial and lateral discoid menisci in the same knee. Apropos of a case].

To our knowledge, the case of association of discoid lateral and medial menisci in the same knee has not yet been reported. There are several factors which may contribute in the development of discoid meniscus: usually congenital, the types described by SMILLIE and WRISBERG must be distinguished and have not the same prognosis; thus, the discoid meniscus only acquired after birth seems rare.

Ultrasonographic anatomy and diagnosis of fetal uropathies affecting the upper urinary tract. I. Obstructive uropathies.

The authors describe the ultrasonographic anatomy and semiology of allowing detection of the main types of fetal uropathies. The results of the author's personal experience in this domain are compared to data from the literature. Differential features of the uropathies are given and the limitations and practical significance of prenatal and postnatal ultrasonography are discussed.

Ultrasonographic anatomy and physiology of the fetal kidney.

The aim of this work was to demonstrate the impact of ultrasonography in utero to gain a better understanding of the anatomy, growth, anatomical variations and function of the fetal kidney and urinary tract. Three main topics are discussed in this paper based on the authors' personal experience and data from the literature: 1) the technique of ultrasonography in utero, including the main difficulties encountered and limitations of this technique; 2) ultrasonographic study of the morphology, growth and anatomical variations of the fetal kidney. The length of the fetal kidney was found to be the most significant parameter for assessment of its growth.

Anatomical relationship between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and the occurrence of a dystrophic bony lacuna.

A bony lesion with identical radiological features was seen in the medial part of the distal femoral metaphysis in five patients who practised cross-country motorcycling. These findings suggested that the cause of the lesions was of muscular origin. The nature and physiopathogenesis of the lesions were studied by roentgenography, computerized tomography and analysis of anatomical specimens.