PMP2+ Schwann cells maintain the survival of large-caliber motor axons.

Neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and peripheral nervous system are characterized by selective neuronal vulnerability, i.e., pathology that affects particular types of neurons.

Carboxylation and Oxygenation Kinetics and Large Subunit (rbcL) DNA Sequences for Rubisco From Two Ecotypes of Plantago lanceolata L. That Are Native to Sites Differing in Atmospheric CO Levels.

Rubisco, the most prevalent protein on Earth, catalysers both a reaction that initiates C carbon fixation, and a reaction that initiates photorespiration, which stimulates protein synthesis. Regulation of the balance between these reactions under atmospheric CO fluctuations remains poorly understood. We have hypothesised that vascular plants maintain organic carbon-to-nitrogen homoeostasis by adjusting the relative activities of magnesium and manganese in chloroplasts to balance carbon fixation and nitrate assimilation rates.

Gcn2 rescues reprogramming in the absence of Hog1/p38 signaling in during thermal stress.

The fungus is an opportunistic pathogen of humans that reprograms its translatome to facilitate adaptation and virulence within the host. We studied the role of Hog1/p38 in reprogramming translation during thermal stress adaptation and found that this pathway acts on translation crosstalk with the Gcn2 pathway, a well-studied regulator of general translation control. Using a combination of molecular assays and phenotypic analysis, we show that increased output from the Gcn2 pathway in a Hog1 deletion mutant is associated with rescue of thermal stress adaptation at both molecular and phenotypic scales.

Two cardinal features of ALS, reduced STMN2 and pathogenic TDP-43, synergize to accelerate motor decline in mice.

Pathological TDP-43 loss from the nucleus and cytoplasmic aggregation occurs in almost all cases of ALS and half of frontotemporal dementia patients. Stathmin2 (Stmn2) is a key target of TDP-43 regulation and aberrantly spliced Stmn2 mRNA is found in patients with ALS, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. STMN2 participates in the axon injury response and its depletion in vivo partially replicates ALS-like symptoms including progressive motor deficits and distal NMJ denervation.

Development, validation and application of a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the detection of ibuprofen in elephant plasma.

A simple and accurate method for the determination of ibuprofen concentrations in elephant plasma was developed and validated using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Utilizing a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, methanol, and phosphoric acid, samples were separated on an XBridge C column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.

Association Between a Mother's Cervical Cancer Screening and Child's Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Status.

Objectives: To investigate the association between maternal cervical cancer (CC) screening status and child human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake. To understand if child sex or social deprivation index (SDI) modify this association.

Methods: We used a national cohort of children linked to at least one parent using electronic health record (EHR) data from a network of community health centers across the United States.

Performance evaluation of image co-registration methods in photoacoustic mesoscopy of the vasculature.

The formation of functional vasculature in solid tumours enables delivery of oxygen and nutrients, and is vital for effective treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. Longitudinal characterisation of vascular networks can be enabled using mesoscopic photoacoustic imaging, but requires accurate image co-registration to precisely assess local changes across disease development or in response to therapy. Co-registration in photoacoustic imaging is challenging due to the complex nature of the generated signal, including the sparsity of data, artefacts related to the illumination/detection geometry, scan-to-scan technical variability, and biological variability, such as transient changes in perfusion.

Inverse modeling of 2010-2022 satellite observations shows that inundation of the wet tropics drove the 2020-2022 methane surge.

Atmospheric methane concentrations rose rapidly over the past decade and surged in 2020-2022 but the causes have been unclear. We find from inverse analysis of GOSAT satellite observations that emissions from the wet tropics drove the 2010-2019 increase and the subsequent 2020-2022 surge, while emissions from northern mid-latitudes decreased. The 2020-2022 surge is principally contributed by emissions in Equatorial Asia (43%) and Africa (30%).

Metals and other ligands balance carbon fixation and photorespiration in chloroplasts.

The behavior of many plant enzymes depends on the metals and other ligands to which they are bound. A previous study demonstrated that tobacco Rubisco binds almost equally to magnesium and manganese and rapidly exchanges one metal for the other. The present study characterizes the kinetics of Rubisco and the plastidial malic enzyme when bound to either metal.

Disability, comorbidities and risk determinants at end of TB treatment in Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Background: We examined the feasibility of assessing and referring adults successfully completing TB treatment for comorbidities, risk determinants and disability in health facilities in Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study within national TB programmes.

Results: Health workers assessed 1,063 patients (78% of eligible) in a median of 22 min [IQR 16-35] and found it useful and feasible to accomplish in addition to other responsibilities.

Suppressing phagocyte activation by overexpressing the phosphatidylserine lipase ABHD12 preserves sarmopathic nerves.

Programmed axon degeneration (AxD) is a key feature of many neurodegenerative diseases. In healthy axons, the axon survival factor NMNAT2 inhibits SARM1, the central executioner of AxD, preventing it from initiating the rapid local NAD+ depletion and metabolic catastrophe that precipitates axon destruction. Because these components of the AxD pathway act within neurons, it was also assumed that the timetable of AxD was set strictly by a cell-intrinsic mechanism independent of neuron-extrinsic processes later activated by axon fragmentation.

Gcn2 rescues reprogramming in the absence of Hog1/p38 signaling in during thermal stress.

The fungus is an opportunistic pathogen of people that reprograms its translatome to facilitate adaptation and virulence within the host. We studied the role of Hog1/p38 in reprogramming translation during thermal stress adaptation, and found that this pathway acts on translation via crosstalk with the Gcn2 pathway, a well-studied regulator of general translation control. Using a combination of molecular assays and phenotypic analysis, we show that increased output from the Gcn2 pathway in a Hog1 deletion mutant is associated with rescue of thermal stress adaptation at both molecular and phenotypic scales.

Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice Training for Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Resident Education.

Background: Simulation-based medical education has been used in medical training for decades. Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) is a novel simulation strategy that uses iterative practice and feedback to achieve skill mastery. To date, there has been minimal evaluation of RCDP vs standard immersive simulation (IS) for the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to graduate medical education (GME) learners.

Reduced STMN2 and pathogenic TDP-43, two hallmarks of ALS, synergize to accelerate motor decline in mice.

Pathological TDP-43 loss from the nucleus and cytoplasmic aggregation occurs in almost all cases of ALS and half of frontotemporal dementia patients. ( is a key target of TDP-43 regulation and aberrantly spliced mRNA is found in patients with ALS, frontotemporal dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. STMN2 participates in the axon injury response and its depletion partially replicates ALS-like symptoms including progressive motor deficits and distal NMJ denervation.

Underestimated Dry Season Methane Emissions from Wetlands in the Pantanal.

Tropical wetlands contribute ∼30% of the global methane (CH) budget. Limited observational constraints on tropical wetland CH emissions lead to large uncertainties and disparities in representing emissions. In this work, we combine remote sensing observations with atmospheric and wetland models to investigate dry season wetland CH emissions from the Pantanal region of South America.

Lysosomal processing of sulfatide analogs alters target NKT cell specificity and immune responses in cancer.

In a structure-function study of sulfatides that typically stimulate type II NKT cells, we made an unexpected discovery. We compared analogs with sphingosine or phytosphingosine chains and 24-carbon acyl chains with 0-1-2 double bonds (C or pC24:0, 24:1, or 24:2). C24:1 and C24:2 sulfatide presented by the CD1d monomer on plastic stimulated type II, not type I, NKT cell hybridomas, as expected.

Meeting the 2030 END TB goals in the wake of COVID-19: A modelling study of countries in the USAID TB portfolio.

Progress towards the 2030 End TB goals has seen severe setbacks due to disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. For governments and international partner organizations supporting the global TB response, there is a need to assess what level of effort is now needed to reach these goals. Using mathematical modelling, we addressed this question for the countries being supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).

Forest productivity recovery or collapse? Model-data integration insights on drought-induced tipping points.

More frequent and severe droughts are driving increased forest mortality around the globe. We urgently need to describe and predict how drought affects forest carbon cycling and identify thresholds of environmental stress that trigger ecosystem collapse. Quantifying the effects of drought at an ecosystem level is complex because dynamic climate-plant relationships can cause rapid and/or prolonged shifts in carbon balance.

Combination of Lactate and Base Deficit Levels at Admission to Predict Mortality in Blunt Trauma Patients.

Introduction: Elevated lactate levels are associated with increased mortality in both trauma and non-trauma patients. The relation between base deficit (BD) and mortality is less clear. Traumatologists debate the utility of elevated lactate (EL) versus BD in predicting mortality.