A Comparative Study of Human Leptospirosis between Mayotte and Reunion Islands Highlights Distinct Clinical and Microbial Features Arising from Distinct Inter-Island Bacterial Ecology.

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis for which investigations assessing host-pathogen interaction are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the severity and bacterial species involved in human cases of leptospirosis on Reunion and Mayotte islands, territories located in the southwest Indian Ocean that have recorded high human leptospirosis incidence but display fairly distinct epidemiological situations. A retrospective multicentric study including all patients over 18 years of age from Mayotte or Reunion with proven leptospirosis was conducted from January 2018 to April 2020.

[Pediatric necrotizing soft-tissue infections].

PEDIATRIC NECROTIZING SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections (NSTI) include necrotizing forms of fasciitis, myositis, and cellulitis. In children, these are extremely rare conditions with an estimated annual incidence of less than 0.

Clinical manifestations of human leptospirosis: bacteria matter.

Introduction: A high incidence of human leptospirosis is recorded on Mayotte, an oceanic island located in southwestern Indian Ocean, but the severity of the disease appears relatively mild in terms of mortality rate and admission to the intensive care unit. It has been proposed that mild leptospirosis may result from a limited virulence of some of the occurring species to which the population is exposed.

Methods: Clinical and biological data of patients admitted to the Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte were collected and the infecting species were determined through molecular typing.

Shoshin beriberi and thiamine-responsive right heart failure: A case report in Mayotte Recognition and management of infant Shoshin beriberi.

Infant Shoshin beriberi is an acute life-threatening condition for which the diagnosis is frequently delayed. Therefore, rapid recognition of right heart failure with lactic acidemia is a crucial element in the diagnosis and therapeutic management. We present the case of a 2-month-old girl with bronchiolitis, right heart failure, and lactic acidosis, who quickly and favorably responded to thiamine supplementation.

Characteristics and outcomes of SARS-COV 2 critically ill patients after emergence of the variant of concern 20H/501Y.V2: A comparative cohort study.

There are currently no data regarding characteristics of critically ill patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant of concern (VOC) 20H/501Y.V2. We therefore aimed to describe changes of characteristics in critically ill patients with Covid-19 between the first and the second wave when viral genome sequencing indicated that VOC was largely dominant in Mayotte Island (Indian Ocean).

SARS-CoV-2 with Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing healthcare-associated pneumonia in the Indian Ocean.

At this time, the literature reports only one case of superinfection with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing in a patient with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Here we report the first two cases of PVL-producing healthcare-associated pneumonia in patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in the Indian Ocean region. The two isolated strains of S.

Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in the French overseas department Mayotte, 2020 to 2021.

BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, national and local measures were implemented on the island of Mayotte, a French overseas department in the Indian Ocean with critical socioeconomic and health indicators.AimWe aimed to describe the COVID-19 outbreak in Mayotte from March 2020 to March 2021, with two waves from 9 March to 31 December 2020 and from 1 January to 14 March 2021, linked to Beta (20H/501Y.V2) variant.

Prognosis of patients with acute respiratory failure due to the SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 variant: a multicenter retrospective matched cohort study.

The aim of this study was to compare the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant 501Y.V2 to that of patients with ARF due to the original strain. This retrospective matched cohort study included all consecutive patients who were hospitalized for ARF due to SARS-CoV-2 in Reunion Island University Hospital between March 2020 and March 2021.

Emergency air evacuation of patients with acute respiratory failure due to SARS-CoV-2 from Mayotte to Reunion Island.

In February 2021, an explosion of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia overwhelmed the only hospital in Mayotte. To report a case series of patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) due to SARS-CoV-2 who were evacuated by air from Mayotte to Reunion Island.This retrospective observational study evaluated all consecutive patients with ARF due to SARS-CoV-2 who were evacuated by air from Mayotte Hospital to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Félix Guyon University Hospital in Reunion Island between February 2, and March 5, 2021.

Acute Hemolytic Anemia Caused by G6PD Deficiency in Children in Mayotte: A Frequent and Severe Complication.

Severe hemolytic anemia is a rare complication of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. It occurs with the Mediterranean (Med) variant corresponding to a class 2 deficiency according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, and it correlates with a severe deficiency in G6PD activity. In Mayotte, the majority of patients have the African (A-) variant as a WHO class 3 deficiency.

Case Report: Six New Cases of Melioidosis in the Indian Ocean Region: Comoros, Madagascar, Reunion Island.

Melioidosis is an emerging disease caused by the environmental Gram-negative bacillus . Melioidosis has been reported to be endemic mainly in northern Australia and Southeast Asia. Here, we report the first two cases of melioidosis on the Comorian island of Mayotte.

COVID-19 and dengue co-infection in a returning traveller.

In march 2020, a pandemic of respiratory infection due to the SARS-CoV2 is underway, dengue fever epidemics are at the same time present in many regions of the inter-equatorial zone. We report the first cases of covid19-dengue co-infection, which occurred in Mayotte, a French island in the Indian Ocean.

[Plant Traditional Treatment with Inducing Haemolysis in Patients with G6PD Deficiency: A Frequent Circumstance in Mayotte?].

A traditional treatment by plants with L. can induce an intravascular haemolysis in patients with a glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. This information is poorly diffused in areas where the plant grows, where it is consumed for ethnomedicinal purpose and where G6PD deficiency prevalence is high; as a consequence, the probability of haemolytic accidents is presumably underestimated.

Whiptail Stingray Injury.

Stingray injuries to the chest are rare but potentially life-threatening. They may occur in remote areas where advanced emergency healthcare services are unavailable. We describe the case of a 24-year-old man with tension pneumothorax due to a Himantura fai stingray injury to the left chest.

Post-Malaria Neurologic Syndrome: A Rare Pediatric Case Report.

Post-malaria neurologic syndrome (PMNS) is a rare complication following a Plasmodium falciparum infection and its pathophysiology remains unclear. This is the first report of a pediatric PMNS following an infection acquired in Africa and the fourth description of pediatric PMNS overall. Neither intrathecal synthesis of Immunoglobin G nor specific P.

Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection on Mayotte Island, Indian Ocean, 2007-2012.

Introduction: Human angiostrongyliasis (HA) is a neurological helminthic disease caused by the lung worm Angiostrongylus cantonensis. It is suspected in the combination of travel or a residence in an endemic area and eosinophilic meningitis. In Mayotte, an island in the Indian Ocean, cases are rare but regular.

[Fever in children returning from travel].

Child travelers are numerous, exposed to the risk of diseases, both infectious and noninfectious, for which practitioners often lack experience. The assessment of febrile returning child travelers is becoming more frequent and challenging. The question of previous travel should be foremost in the checklist of the interview of any febrile child traveler, because this implies a possible tropical disease such as malaria that may be life-threatening.

Community-acquired infections due to Staphylococcus argenteus lineage isolates harbouring the Panton-Valentine leucocidin, France, 2014.

We describe two cases of human infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus clonal complex (CC) 75, also called Staphylococcus argenteus, harbouring the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL). These two sporadic cases were community-acquired, and identified in France in 2014. Both had an epidemiological link with Mayotte, an overseas department of France located in the Indian Ocean off the south-eastern African coast.

[Severe poisoning by plants used for traditional medicine in Mayotte].

The authors describe three cases of severe accidental poisoning by plants used as part of a traditional treatment in Mayotte. The established, or suspected, toxicity of Thevetia peruviana (Yellow oleander), Cinchona pubescens (Red quinine-tree), Melia azaderach (Persian lilac, also called china berry) and Azadirachta indica (Neem), is discussed. The clinical presentation is cardiac (atrioventricular block) and well known for Thevetia and Cinchona intoxications.

[Superficial skin infections and bacterial dermohypodermitis].

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes are the two main bacteria involved in skin infections in children. Mild infections like limited impetigo and furonculosis should preferentially be treated by topical antibiotics (mupirocine or fucidic acid). Empiric antimicrobial therapy of dermohypodermitis consists in amoxicillin-clavulanate through oral route (80 mg/kg/d) or parenteral route (150 mg/kg amoxicillin per d.

Aetiology and epidemiology of fever in children presenting to the emergency department of a French paediatric tertiary care centre after international travel.

Objective: As few data are available on the causes of fever in children returning from international travel, the authors studied children presenting to a French tertiary care centre with fever.

Methods: Children presenting to the emergency department of the Robert Debré Paediatric Hospital, Paris, France between July and December 2007 with fever that occurred within 3 months of a stay abroad were included in this retrospective study.

Results: The children (n=538) had most commonly visited North Africa (NA) (n=214), sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) (n=185) and Europe (n=67).

[Evaluation of pre-travel prevention, except vaccination, in children returning from Africa with fever].

Objectives: Evaluating the frequency and modalities of transmissible infection prevention counseling in children before a stay in tropical or subtropical areas.

Methods: Description of the frequency and modalities of transmissible infection prevention counseling (except specific vaccination) given prior to travel in children attending a tertiary care center in Paris, France, for fever occurring within 3 months following a return from Africa. Data were collected retrospectively from medical observations and telephone interviews with parents.