Spawning fish maintains trophic synchrony across time and space beyond thermal drivers.

Increasing ocean temperature will speed up physiological rates of ectotherms. In fish, this is suggested to cause earlier spawning due to faster oocyte growth rates. Over time, this could cause spawning time to become decoupled from the timing of offspring food resources, a phenomenon referred to as trophic asynchrony.

Dispersant-First Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DF-DLLME), a Novel Sample Preparation Procedure for NDMA Determination in Metformin Products.

Since December 2019, global batch recalls of metformin pharmaceutical products have highlighted an urgent need to control N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) contamination to demonstrate patient safety and maintain supply of this essential medicine. Due to their formulation, the metformin extended-release products present difficult analytical challenges for conventional sample preparation procedures, such as artefactual (in-situ) NDMA formation, gelling, and precipitation. To overcome these challenges, a new version of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) termed dispersant-first DLLME (DF-DLLME) was developed and optimized for the analysis of NDMA in metformin extended-release products using a detailed Design of Experiments (DoE) to optimize sample preparation.

Deep Learning for Automated Elective Lymph Node Level Segmentation for Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy.

Depending on the clinical situation, different combinations of lymph node (LN) levels define the elective LN target volume in head-and-neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy. The accurate auto-contouring of individual LN levels could reduce the burden and variability of manual segmentation and be used regardless of the primary tumor location. We evaluated three deep learning approaches for the segmenting individual LN levels I−V, which were manually contoured on CT scans from 70 HNC patients.

Letter to the editor of Heliyon re: determination of dimethylamine and nitrite in pharmaceuticals by ion chromatography to assess the likelihood of nitrosamine formation Heliyon. 2021; 77: e06179.

Our letter to the editor of Heliyon outlines queries on the methodology and sample preparation used in article e06179, published in 2021. The nitrite measurements reported are higher than those observed in our experience. In the interest of reporting nitrite levels that are fully accurate, we would like to discuss the findings with the article authors.

Osteocyte Apoptosis, Bone Marrow Adiposity, and Fibrosis in the Irradiated Human Mandible.

Purpose: To assess the effect of radiation therapy on osteocyte apoptosis, osteocyte death, and bone marrow adipocytes in the human mandible and its contribution to the pathophysiology of radiation damage to the mandibular bone.

Methods And Materials: Mandibular cancellous bone biopsies were taken from irradiated patients and nonirradiated controls. Immunohistochemical detection of cleaved caspase-3 was performed to visualize apoptotic osteocytes.

A Nitrite Excipient Database: A Useful Tool to Support N-Nitrosamine Risk Assessments for Drug Products.

N-Nitrosamine risk assessment and control have become an integral part of pharmaceutical drug product development and quality evaluation. Initial reports of nitrosamine contamination were linked with the drug substance and its manufacturing process. Subsequently, the drug product and aspects of the formulation process have shown to be relevant.

NDMA analytics in metformin products: Comparison of methods and pitfalls.

Background: For nearly three years, the concerns regarding trace levels of N-nitrosamines in pharmaceuticals and the associated cancer risk have significantly expanded and are a major issue facing the global pharmaceutical industry. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) found in formulations of the popular anti-diabetic drug metformin is a prominent example. This has resulted in product recalls raising the profile within the media.

Patterns of recurrence following definitive chemoradiation for patients with proximal esophageal cancer.

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the patterns of recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients achieving clinical complete response after treatment with definitive chemoradiation (CRT) for proximal esophageal cancer.

Materials And Methods: Patients with proximal esophageal cancer treated with CRT between 2004 and 2014 in 11 centers in the Netherlands were included. OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

[Early intervention for borderline personality disorder].

Although the manifestation of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is situated in adolescence and young adulthood, in clinical practice the diagnosis and treatment often get delayed until adulthood. Preliminary research shows good results for structured treatments in young people with BPD. Early intervention programs for BPD show promising results in improvement of the level of functioning.

Bone microarchitecture and turnover in the irradiated human mandible.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the microarchitecture and turnover in irradiated cancellous mandibular bone and the relation with radiation dose, to elucidate the effects of radiotherapy on the mandible.

Patients And Methods: Mandibular cancellous bone biopsies were taken from irradiated patients and controls. Micro-CT scanning was performed to analyze microstructural bone parameters.

A national study to assess outcomes of definitive chemoradiation regimens in proximal esophageal cancer.

Proximal esophageal cancer (EC) is commonly treated with definitive chemoradiation (CRT). The radiation dose and type of chemotherapy backbone are still under debate. The objective of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of contemporary CRT regimens.

Incidence of High-Risk Radiologic Features in Patients Without Local Recurrence After Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose: To investigate, in the setting of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, the incidence and patterns of change in high-risk radiologic features (HRFs) in patients known to have no local recurrence.

Methods And Materials: Computed tomography (CT) scans of patients treated using volumetric modulated arc therapy SABR between 2008 and 2013 were eligible if follow-up scans were available for 2 years and no local recurrences were diagnosed. All scans were reviewed at a workstation using an add-on tool for ClearCanvas (Synaptive Medical).

[The revised Dutch College of General Practitioners (NHG) practice guideline on 'Visual symptoms'].

The 2001 NHG practice guideline on 'Refraction disorders' was revised for the second time in October 2015. The title has been changed to 'Visual symptoms', since besides refraction disorders other conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, cataract and acute eye symptoms are also covered. The ophthalmologist is the specialist to whom GPs refer patients most often.

GFRA3 promoter methylation may be associated with decreased postoperative survival in gastric cancer.

Background: A large number of epigenetic alterations has been found to be implicated in the etiology of gastric cancer. We have studied the DNA methylation status of 27 500 gene promoter regions in 24 gastric adenocarcinomas from a Norwegian cohort, and aimed at identifying the hypermethylated regions. We have compared our findings to the gene expression in the same tissue, and linked our results to prognosis and survival.

Up-regulation of CLDN1 in gastric cancer is correlated with reduced survival.

Background: The genetic changes in gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely complex and reliable tumor markers have not yet been identified. There are also remarkable geographical differences in the distribution of this disease. Our aim was to identify the most differentially regulated genes in 20 gastric adenocarcinomas from a Norwegian selection, compared to matched normal mucosa, and we have related our findings to prognosis, survival and chronic Helicobacter pylori infection.

Elevated liver enzymes in patients with ankylosing spondylitis treated with etanercept.

TNF-alpha blocking agents are very effective in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but several cases of liver problems have been published. We systematically studied the frequency of this potential side effect in our AS patients treated with etanercept. Consecutive AS patients treated with etanercept for at least 3 months were included.

[A patient with pulmonary metastasis of phyllodes tumour of the breast].

Background: Phyllodes tumours are rare neoplasms of the female breast. Tumours range from the benign to the highly malignant. Based on histological growth pattern, number of mitoses, pleomorphism and stroma characteristics, tumours are classified as malignant, borderline, or benign.

Prevalence and histologic diagnosis of adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women: an autopsy study.

Objective: The purpose of this autopsy study was to examine the prevalence and histologic condition of adnexal cysts in postmenopausal women.

Study Design: Adnexa of 234 postmenopausal women who had died from nongynecologic diseases were examined by the team pathologist.

Results: Ovarian cysts were found in 36 of the women (15.

[Summary of the practice guideline 'Refraction errors' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners].

The practice guideline 'Refraction errors' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners describes the examinations that need to be carried out in patients complaining about a gradual loss of vision. A measurement of vision by means of a Snellen chart is insufficient to determine if the condition is caused by a refraction error or if other pathology of the eye such as cataract, glaucoma or retinopathy is involved. It is therefore recommended that the vision should also be measured with a simple device containing spherical lenses of +0.

Plasmodium falciparum malaria in vivo drug sensitivity in Lusaka, Zambia.

In most of sub-Saharan African, drug resistant falciparum malaria has become a major health care concern. Drug sensitivity was evaluated in vivo in Lusaka, Zambia, in 71 episodes in 61 patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria, for Chloroquin (CQ), Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (PS) and halofantrine (HF). CQ resistance was found at R2 (16 pc) and R3 (24.