Efficacy and Safety of Ergoferon in Children from 6 Months to 6 Years Old with Acute Respiratory Viral Infections in Contemporary Outpatient Practice: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ergoferon in combination with symptomatic therapy in children from 6 months to 6 years old with acute respiratory infections (ARI) in contemporary outpatient practice, an international, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial was performed. Derived by technological treatment of antibodies to interferon gamma, histamine, and CD4, Ergoferon was previously proved to modulate its molecular targets promoting effective antiviral protection. The data of 282 patients with oral temperature ≥38.

Burden of Childhood Rotavirus Disease in the Outpatient Setting of the Russian Federation.

Background: This is a prospective, multicentered study conducted in 9 large urban areas in Russia, in order to determine the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children <5 years of age and the genotypes circulating during 1 rotavirus season.

Methods: From November 2012 to May 2013, surveillance was conducted in Moscow, Saint-Petersburg, Vologda, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk, Yaroslavl, Khanty-Mansiysk and Vladivostok. Children <5 years of age presenting at outpatient clinics with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) of less than 72 hours duration were enrolled in the study.

Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 versus placebo for treating diarrhea of greater than 4 days duration in infants and toddlers.

Background: Administering probiotics can prevent or cure some forms of diarrhea. The efficacy of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in infants and toddlers with diarrhea >4 days was tested by a double-blind trial.

Methods: One hundred fifty-one children aged 1-47 months with nonspecific diarrhea were randomized to receive either EcN suspension (N = 75) or placebo (N = 76).

The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) stops acute diarrhoea in infants and toddlers.

In most cases, acute diarrhoea will become self-limiting during the first few days after onset. For young children, however, health risks may develop when the disease lasts longer than 3 days. The purpose of the present trial was to determine whether the stool frequency of infants and toddlers suffering from acute diarrhoea could be normalised more quickly by administering the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) solution than by administering a placebo.

One-year efficacy and safety of inhaled formoterol dry powder in children with persistent asthma.

Background: The long-term efficacy and safety of formoterol dry powder capsules for inhalation in pediatric asthma have not previously been evaluated.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of inhaled formoterol over a period of 12 months in asthmatic children who were still symptomatic despite anti-inflammatory treatment.

Methods: After a run-in period, 518 patients (5 to 12 years old) were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive 12 or 24 microg formoterol dry powder (Foradil, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) or placebo twice daily for 12 months.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of nasopharyngeal isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from healthy children in day-care centres: results of multicentre study in Russia.

Resistance of Haemophilus influenzae from clinical isolates can be predicted on the basis of results of antimicrobial susceptibility of nasopharyngeal isolates. The carriage rate and the antimicrobial susceptibility of H. influenzae isolated in healthy children attending day-care centres in Moscow, Smolensk and Yartsevo was studied.

[Ebastine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis].

Aim: To test the efficiency and tolerance of the second generation antihistamine drug ebastin (kestine) in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).

Materials And Methods: Kestin was given for 3 weeks in doses 10 and 20 mg/day to 226 patients with SAR running for 6.8 +/- 6.

[Efficacy and tolerance of coamoxiclav in community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in children].

Amoxyclav (amoxycillin/potassium clavulanate, A/PC) was used in the treatment of 55 children with acute bronchitis and pneumonia. The drug was administered in a dose of 20-40 mg/kg body weight a day in 3 portions. The treatment course was 4 to 10 days.

[Endotoxemia in crush syndrome].

The crush syndrome developing in casualties in mass catastrophes is the cause of their high mortality rates. We examined 18 children aged from 9 to 14 years with the crush syndrome who suffered during the earthquake in Armenia. Besides other laboratory studies, the test for the titer of antibodies (TA) to endotoxin was performed.

[The use of monoclonal antibodies to lipid A for the correction of the hemodynamic disorders in endotoxemia].

Endotoxemia induced by gram-negative bacteria leads to endotoxic shock pathogenetically stemming from the integral component of the bacterial wall--lipid A. The study made to define the ability of lipid A monoclonal antibodies to correct hemodynamic disturbances due to endotoxemia in dog experiments showed the efficacy of the antibodies administration. ReLPS isolated from Salmonella Minnesota was used as an antigen.

[Acute hepatic encephalopathy (Reye's syndrome) in children)].

Subjects of clinical and biochemical investigation were 8 children aged 4.5 months to 12 years suffering from hepatocerebral syndrome which had developed after acute respiratory infection, encephalitis, acute appendicitis. Methods of pathogenic therapy and early diagnosis are offered.

[Specific brain antigens--an index of the permeability of the hemato-encephalic barrier in comatose states in children].

In 39 children with coma caused by infectious toxicosis, purulent meningoencephalitis and closed head trauma the brain-specific antigens (L1M and L2M globulins) contents were studied in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). On days 3 to 5 after the head trauma L1M and L2M were found irregularly. In meningoencephalitis L1M and L2M were detected with a lesser delay.

[Neurotoxic syndrome in infectious diseases in children].

On the material of 72 children with infectious toxicoses the authors describe the encephalic syndrome as a manifestation of the neurotoxic syndrome. The neurotoxic syndrome was studied clinically and morphologically. A marked syndrome was characterized by a considerable edema of the brain and its stem and not infrequently by the vedging of the cerebellum into the great occipital orifice.

[Clinico-biochemical parallels in neurotoxicoses in children].

The authors present the results of examining the plasma lipids in 62 children with an infectious neurotoxic syndrome. The children were suffering from acute respiratory viral infections, lobular pneumonia, or intestinal infections. Hyperlipidemia and dysphospholipidemia were revealed: the former was due primarily to a rise of the content of non-saturated fatty acids and triglycerides, and the latter to a drop of the lecithin and cephaline levels.