Estimating Muscle Fiber-Type Composition in Elite Athletes: A Survey on Current Practices and Perceived Merit.

Purpose: To gather information on practices and perceptions of high-performance experts regarding their athletes' muscle fiber-type composition (MFTC) and its estimation.

Methods: A questionnaire on the noninvasive versus invasive estimation of MFTC was completed by 446 experts including coaches and sport-science/sports-medicine staff. Moreover, the perceived importance of MFTC for training and performance optimization was assessed.

A Two-Phased Pilot Study Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of the Cognitively Enriched Walking Program "Take a Walk with Your Brain" for Older Adults.

Given the aging population, finding solutions to retain optimal cognitive capacity is a research priority. The potential of physical activity to reduce the risk of cognitive decline and to enhance cognitive functioning is established. Combining physical with cognitive activity has been put forward as a potentially even more effective way to promote healthy cognitive aging.

New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs.

We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV.

[Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Versus Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis A Case Report].

Clinically differentiating between autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders can often pose a diagnostic challenge. The differential diagnosis of rapidly progressing neurological and cognitive symptoms includes central nervous system tumours, cerebral vasculitis, and inflammatory, autoimmune, or paraneoplastic encephalopathies. Rarer neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease should also be considered.

Efficient flowless separation of mixed microbead populations on periodic ferromagnetic surface structures.

The simultaneous separational control of motion of individual objects is vital to achieve high efficiency separation for biological analytes in biomedical applications. Here, we show the selective and directed movement of different populations of microbeads depending on their size in a flowless environment by means of a hexagonally structured soft-magnetic microchip platform. By adjusting strength and asymmetry of a modulated in-plane magnetic field, discrete and switchable movement patterns of two different types of beads above a magnetic surface structure are achieved.

A bistable, multiport valve enables microformulators creating microclinical analyzers that reveal aberrant glutamate metabolism in astrocytes derived from a tuberous sclerosis patient.

There is a need for valves and pumps that operate at the microscale with precision and accuracy, are versatile in their application, and are easily fabricated. To that end, we developed a new rotary planar multiport valve to faithfully select solutions (contamination = 5.22 ± 0.

Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN.

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV.

Evaluating and forecasting movement patterns of magnetically driven microbeads in complex geometries.

The manipulation of superparamagnetic microbeads for lab-on-a-chip applications relies on the steering of microbeads across an altering stray field landscape on top of soft magnetic parent structures. Using ab initio principles, we show three-dimensional simulations forecasting the controlled movement of microbeads. Simulated aspects of microbead behaviour include the looping and lifting of microbeads around a magnetic circular structure, the flexible bead movement along symmetrically distributed triangular structures, and the dragging of magnetic beads across an array of exchange biased magnetic microstripes.

Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN.

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.

[Risk factors for hypertensive and cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective comparison].

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare possible risk factors for the most common forms of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), namely hypertensive and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) associated ICH.

Methods: Retrospectively, different parameters and factors were compared in patients with hypertensive ICH (n = 141) and patients with a CAAassociated ICH (n = 95). These included age, INR value and blood pressure at admission, cardiovascular risk factors as well as pre-medication.

Endovascular stroke treatment now and then-procedural and clinical effectiveness and safety of different mechanical thrombectomy techniques over time.

Background: The most essential development in endovascular stroke treatment (EST) was the shift from intra-arterial thrombolysis to endovascular thrombectomy with dedicated thrombectomy devices, most notably the introduction of stent-retrievers. We evaluated procedural and clinical effectiveness and safety of different EST techniques over time.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed EST cases that were treated by the same interventionalist before (n=36) and after (n=50) stent-retrievers were established as the treatment device of first choice.

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy in Stroke Medicine.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a degenerative vasculopathy that is classically associated with lobar intracerebral or sulcal hemorrhage. Its prevalence is estimated at 30% in the seventh decade and 50% in the eighth and ninth decades. In this review, we summarize the risks linked to CAA with respect to the treatment and prevention of stroke.

Neurovascular unit on a chip: implications for translational applications.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) dynamically controls exchange between the brain and the body, but this interaction cannot be studied directly in the intact human brain or sufficiently represented by animal models. Most existing in vitro BBB models do not include neurons and glia with other BBB elements and do not adequately predict drug efficacy and toxicity. Under the National Institutes of Health Microtissue Initiative, we are developing a three-dimensional, multicompartment, organotypic microphysiological system representative of a neurovascular unit of the brain.

Engineering challenges for instrumenting and controlling integrated organ-on-chip systems.

The sophistication and success of recently reported microfabricated organs-on-chips and human organ constructs have made it possible to design scaled and interconnected organ systems that may significantly augment the current drug development pipeline and lead to advances in systems biology. Physiologically realistic live microHuman (μHu) and milliHuman (mHu) systems operating for weeks to months present exciting and important engineering challenges such as determining the appropriate size for each organ to ensure appropriate relative organ functional activity, achieving appropriate cell density, providing the requisite universal perfusion media, sensing the breadth of physiological responses, and maintaining stable control of the entire system, while maintaining fluid scaling that consists of ~5 mL for the mHu and ~5 μL for the μHu. We believe that successful mHu and μHu systems for drug development and systems biology will require low-volume microdevices that support chemical signaling, microfabricated pumps, valves and microformulators, automated optical microscopy, electrochemical sensors for rapid metabolic assessment, ion mobility-mass spectrometry for real-time molecular analysis, advanced bioinformatics, and machine learning algorithms for automated model inference and integrated electronic control.

The DeepTree Exhibit: Visualizing the Tree of Life to Facilitate Informal Learning.

In this paper, we present the DeepTree exhibit, a multi-user, multi-touch interactive visualization of the Tree of Life. We developed DeepTree to facilitate collaborative learning of evolutionary concepts. We will describe an iterative process in which a team of computer scientists, learning scientists, biologists, and museum curators worked together throughout design, development, and evaluation.

[Drug-induced seizures].

Drug-induced seizures are in view of a constantly ageing population and increasingly frequent polypharmacotherapy an increasing problem in daily routine praxis. Identification of potentially seizure-inducing drugs may help generating risk profiles for individual patients. Drug-induced seizures have often been seen as a complication of psychopharmacological therapy, but its occurrence has also been described in response to a great diversity of compounds such as antibiotics, sympathomimetics and anaesthetics.

Why we do not have--and will not have--the integrated and "smart" alarm systems that technology would allow us to have today.

Background: Many authors have been advocating "smart alarm systems" for more than 30 years, and technology for such systems has been described in the literature for more than 20 years. Such systems do not exist today.

Goals: Incoming data would be analyzed to reject artifact.

Nanofiber size-dependent sensitivity of fibroblast directionality to the methodology for scaffold alignment.

The sensitivity of fibroblast guidance on directional cues provided by aligned nanofibers is studied for scaffolds of successively smaller fiber sizes (740±280, 245±85, 140±40, and 80±10 nm) fabricated using mandrel and electrical alignment methodologies for electrospun nanofibers (∼10° angular deviation (AD)), as well as nanoimprint methodologies for perfectly aligned fibers (0° AD). On aligned scaffolds of large fibers (∼740 nm) cell directionality closely follows the underlying fibers, irrespective of the alignment method. However, on mandrel aligned scaffolds of successively smaller fibers the cell directionality exhibits greater deviations from the underlying fiber alignment due to the higher likelihood of interaction of cell lamellipodia with multiple, rather than single, nanofibers.