[The inadequate physical activity as risk factor of non-communicable diseases].

The article presents brief review of impact of inadequate physical activity on development of non-communicable diseases. The low physical activity is among top five most significant factors of premature death and is the cause of more than 20% of cases of diabetes mellitus II and chronic cardiovascular diseases. The article considers mode of assessing intensity of physical activity based on using metabolic equivalent.

[The comparative analysis of level of literacy in issues of health among residents of the Northern Caucasian Federal Okrug].

The article presents the results of comparative analysis of level of health literacy of population of the North Caucasian Federal Okrug of The Russian Federation. The analysis established that the level of functional health literacy of respondents depends on gender, education, standards of living and residence. The lower level of this type of health literacy is established in males, residents of rural areas, individuals with lower standard of living and lower level of education (p<0.

[Features of dynamics of growth and formation of uncultivable forms in Lactococcus lactis].

Aim: Study strain differences in dynamics of viability and formation of uncultivable forms of Lactococcus lactis.

Materials And Methods: 3 strains of L. lactis--MSU, 729 and F116 were used in the study.

[Detection of uncultivable bacteria forms in probiotic lyophilized preparations].

Aim: Detection of viable but uncultivable forms among lyophilized cells of commercial probiotics.

Materials And Methods: 9 series of probiotic preparations (colibacterin, bificol, bifidumbacterin, bifiform) with expired (up to 30 years of storage) or valid shelf life were objects of the study. Total quantity of the bacteria was calculated under the microscope in Goryaev chamber, the number of viable cells was determined in luminescence microscope after staining by an array of fluorescent dyes, the quantity of CFU/ml was evaluated by method of seeding into the respective solid or semi-liquid cultivation medium.

[Changes of expression levels of innate immunity signaling receptors during Candida albicans infections in vitro and in vivo].

Aim: To study levels of expression of Toll-like receptors genes in response to Candida albicans antigens in vitro (using Vero cell line as well as mononuclear cells) and in vivo (using cervical canal cells of pregnant women).

Materials And Methods: Test-systems for measurement of expression levels of such genes as TLR 1, TLR2, TLR6 as well as system for quantitative measurement of tumor necrosis factor a level, all of which were developed earlier, were used.

Results: It was shown that antigens of C.

[Study of genetic control of pediocins synthesis].

Plasmid profiles of 2 strains of Pediococcus acidilactici and 3 strains of P. pentosaceus were studied. Synthesis of bacteriocins in 2 strains of P.

[Novel technologies for the correction of aftereffects of deficient nutrition in the dietician practice].

Deficient nutrition is a common pathological factor encountered in medical practice. We evaluated results of combined intake of Essentuki-Novaya mineral water and Nutridrink artificial food mixture (Nutritia, Holland). Spa and resort therapy based on the use of natural factors and well-balanced nutrition resulted in the marked alleviation of clinical symptoms in patients with gastrointestinal disorders.

[The detection of bacteriogenic causes of opportunistic infections].

In order to select bacteriocin producing strains the screening of microorganisms from clinical material was perfomed. The delayed antagonism method was used. 154 strains were screened, 93 (60%) cultures produced antagonistic substances.

[Biologic characteristics of new Bacillus subtilis isolates].

Characteristics of new Bacillus subtilis isolates from the environment and had high antagonistic activity were studied. Absence of virulence and toxin production allows to regard them as potential probiotic cultures. Growth media for cultivation of B.

[Molecular basis of bacteriocins production and activity].

Bacteriocins--bacterial proteins or peptides--are envisaged as candidates for the next generation of effective antimicrobials. Analysis of characteristics of natural and genetically engineered bacteriocins with regard to the molecular basis of their production and activity has been performed. Most bacteriocins have narrow spectrum of the inhibitory activity.

[Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin with eukaryotic cells and their target].

In this review information on S. aureus alpha-toxin is expounded. The data on the targets of the action of the toxin on eukaryotic cells, its activity with respect to different membrane structures, effects established in the interaction of toxin and cell elements, as well as of its biological action on the macroorganism, are presented.

[Biotechnological conditions of the synthesis of bacteriocins].

In this review information on the cultivation of bacteriocin-producing microorganisms belonging to different taxonomic groups are presented. The data on the influence of the most important biotechnological parameters (nutrient medium, temperature, pH, phase of growth, etc.) on the synthesis of bacteriocins are given.

[Bacillus subtilis protease: isolation, immobilization and properties].

During the cultivation of B. subtilis strain 3H under optimum conditions (adequate nutrient medium, seed culture, temperature, the level of dissolved oxygen) protease was produced. Protease could be obtained in the purified form by means of gel chromatography and ultrafiltration.

[Study of the effectiveness of the method of the nest polymerase chain reaction and the field of its use in hepatitis A diagnosis].

To determine the causative agent of hepatitis A in the blood of patients, we developed the method of the nest polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reverse transcription. For the comparative evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy of the nest PCR and the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) serum samples and mononuclear blood cells obtained from 15 patients with diagnosed hepatitis A and from 33 patients having signs and carrying markers of other form of hepatitis were analyzed. On the whole, the method of PCR confirmed the results of EIA and in some cases exceeded it in sensitivity.

[PCR system for the detection of the RNA of hepatitis A virus].

The detection of the causative agent of hepatitis A in the patient's body is the necessary element of the diagnostics of this disease. In this work the PCR system for the analysis of the RNA of hepatitis A virus in the patient's blood is presented and characterized. The method of the detection of the RNA of hepatitis A virus is based on the "nest" principle and consists of two consecutive reactions.

[Properties of the isolated Bacillus subtilis strains and their influence on the intestinal microflora of experimental mice].

The cultural, physiologo-biochemical adhesive and antagonistic properties of B. subtilis strains with good prospects for use as biotherapeutic preparations were studied. For further studies B.

[Bacteriocins: criteria, classification, characteristics, methods of detection].

The review on bacteriocins of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Criteria making it possible to regard antagonistic substances as bateriocins or bacteriocin-like substances and on their classification are presented. Examples of bacteriocins naming depending on the taxonomic position of the producer culture are given.

[Effectiveness of the oral administration of tomicide in experimental infection].

Experimental data on the oral administration of Tomicid using different schemes for the protection of white mice from staphylococcal infection are presented. The use of Tomicid, administered in the maximum dose admissible for mice, ensured the protection of up to 2/3 of the total number of mice. A single oral administration of the preparation immediately after infection protected 1/3 of the survived mice from local staphylococcal infection.

[Cultivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in media with chlorella fermentative hydrolysate as nutrient base].

The specific features of the growth of P. aeruginosa in media prepared with the use of Chlorella fermentative hydrolysate as nutrient basis were studied. The accumulation of microbial biomass was shown to depend on increased content of amino nitrogen in the media, while the effectiveness of the pyocyanin formation was linked with decreased content of amino nitrogen and a rise in the amount of sodium chloride.

[Detection of biologically active substances with antagonistic and stimulating activity in Spirulina platensis].

The results of studies on the detection of biologically active substances (BAS) in biomass dilutions and culture fluid of Spirulina platensi and algae (Chlorella, Fucus, Laminaria) by the agar diffusion method are presented. After the sterilization of the solutions with chloroform (CF) a substance with lysozyme-like activity and 2 substances with antagonistic activity deep in agar and on its surface were detected with the use of the micrococcal indicator strain. After CF treatment, depending on the concentration of S.

[Action of Spirulina platensis on bacterial viruses].

The impact of the biomass of the blue-green microalga (cyanobacterium) S. platensis on bacteriophage T4 (bacterial virus) has been evaluated. The study revealed that the addition of S.

[Culture media as artificial environment ensuring the growth and development of microorganisms].

Literature review is presented on culture media that are regarded as artifical environment for microorganisms permitting modeling of various conditions for revealing cultural, morphological and biochemical properties, characteristic for a given microorganism, as well as manipulations with these conditions.

[Stimulating and inhibiting effect of Spirulina platensis on microorganisms].

The blue-green microalga (cyanobacterium) S. platensis and the complex of its metabolites in the culture fluid being added into nutrient agar in doses of 0.01, 0.

[Biological activity of Spirulina].

In this review information of Spirulina platensis (SP), a blue-green alga (photosynthesizing cyanobacterium) having diverse biological activity is presented. Due to high content of highly valuable proteins, indispensable amino acids, vitamins, beta-carotene and other pigments, mineral substances, indispensable fatty acids and polysaccharides, PS has been found suitable for use as bioactive additive. SP produces an immunostimulating effect by enhancing the resistance of humans, mammals, chickens and fish to infections, the capacity of influencing hemopoiesis, stimulating the production of antibodies and cytokines.

[Effect of microalgae on viability of microorganisms in the natural and artificial environment].

The data of literature on complicated relationships between microorganisms and microalgae in algobacterial associations with microalgae often playing the leading role are analyzed. Under these conditions inhibiting and stimulating substances synthesized by microalgae, as well as their nutritional value, may have an essential impact on the state of the bacterial population. Apparently that microalgae may become the main substrate in the development of new culture media (ecologically pure culture media, media for the reversion of the noncultured forms of bacteria into the vegetative state, media for the prolonged preservation of microbes in the noncultured form).