The Association of Impaired Vibration Sensation in the Lower Limb with Tests of Cognition in Older People: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

Introduction: The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy (PN) in the lower limb increases with age and with the presence of diabetes. Studies show an association of PN with advanced cognitive impairment. Here we examine the association of PN with measures of early cognitive deficits in a cohort of older adults without apparent cognitive impairment, with or without diabetes.

Phenotyping lipid profiles in type 2 diabetes: Risk association and outcomes from the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Aims: To determine whether discrete lipid profiles (refer to as lipid phenotyping) can be used to stratify cardiovascular risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Methods And Results: Cardiovascular Health Study participants with diabetes and fasting lipid profiles at baseline ( = 866) were categorized separately by level of LDL cholesterol and HDL-C/Triglyceride (Tg) profiles (low Tg/high HDL-C; high Tg/low HDL-C; high Tg only or low HDL-C only). We performed Cox multivariate regression analysis to assess the risk of CVD mortality, incident myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, and composite MACE (MI, HF, stroke, and CVD mortality) associated with each lipid category.

Revisiting cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Statin therapy has been a mainstay of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction for the past 20 years in type 2 diabetes management. Its application has been largely due to well-designed, randomized-control studies consistently showing 25-35% CVD risk reduction. However, the remaining 65-75% reduction potential for CVD risk has yet to be effectively addressed.

Diagnosis of cyclic Cushing's disease manifests as early morning hyperglycemia in a patient with previously well-controlled type 1 diabetes.

Background Cyclic Cushing's disease (CCD) is reported to occur in approximately 15% of patients with Cushing's disease (CD). CCD is a rare phenomenon in children. Case presentation A Portuguese female with well-controlled type 1 diabetes (T1DM) on an insulin pump developed transient uncontrolled blood sugar every morning.

Challenges to Reshape the Future of Type 1 Diabetes Research.

Context: Immunotherapy trials to prevent type 1 diabetes have been unsuccessful for >15 years. Understanding pitfalls and knowledge gaps in the immunology of type 1 diabetes should lead us in new directions that will yield better trial outcomes. A proposal is made for precision medicine trial design in future type 1 diabetes studies.

TIMP-1 and CD82, a promising combined evaluation marker for PDAC.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) is a widely secreted protein that regulates cell motility, proliferation, and apoptosis. Although it is recognized that TIMP-1-tetraspanin CD63 regulates epithelial cell apoptosis and proliferation, how TIMP-1 controls cell motility is not well understood. In this study, we identify tetraspanin CD82 (also called KAI1) as a component of the promiscuous TIMP-1 interacting protein complex on cell surface of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells.

Transcription factor Ets-1 links glucotoxicity to pancreatic beta cell dysfunction through inhibiting PDX-1 expression in rodent models.

Aims/hypothesis: 'Glucotoxicity' is a term used to convey the negative effect of hyperglycaemia on beta cell function; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms that impair insulin secretion and gene expression are poorly defined. Our objective was to define the role of transcription factor v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homologue 1 (Ets-1) in beta cell glucotoxicity.

Methods: Primary islets and Min6 cells were exposed to high glucose and Ets-1 expression was measured.

Isolated double pituitary adenomas: A silent corticotroph adenoma and a microprolactinoma.

We report a 27-year-old woman with amenorrhea and galactorrhea with mildly elevated serum prolactin levels. Her MRI demonstrated a cystic macroadenoma in the left aspect of the sella and a small microadenoma in the right aspect of the sella. Endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of the tumors revealed two histologically distinct tumors.

MicroRNA-24/MODY gene regulatory pathway mediates pancreatic β-cell dysfunction.

Overnutrition and genetics both contribute separately to pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, but how these factors interact is unclear. This study was aimed at determining whether microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a link between these factors. In this study, miRNA-24 (miR-24) was highly expressed in pancreatic β-cells and further upregulated in islets from genetic fatty (db/db) or mice fed a high-fat diet, and islets subject to oxidative stress.

Health-related quality of life, disease severity, and anticipated trajectory of diabetes.

Purpose: Adults hospitalized with diabetes are likely to have multiple comorbid conditions contributing to suboptimal health-related quality of life. The purpose of this study was to survey urban, very low-income, hospitalized adults with diabetes about disease severity, anticipated disease trajectory, and self-rated health-related quality of life.

Methods: Data were collected using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the comparative risk perception questionnaire, and glycosylated hemoglobin.

Healthcare technician delivered screening of adults with diabetes to improve primary care provider recognition of depression.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to implement a continuous quality improvement project aimed at improving primary care provider recognition of depression.

Materials And Methods: A randomized, blinded, pre- and post-test design was implemented with 92 adults attending an academic internal medicine clinic. Subjects were assigned to an intervention where healthcare technicians (HCT) trained in the fundamentals of diabetes education delivered brief probing questions about self-care behavior and tailored talking points to encourage patients to talk to their primary care physician about their emotional health.

Afrocentric cultural values and beliefs: movement beyond the race and ethnicity proxy to understand views of diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to estimate the benefit of using a cultural characteristics scale to help diabetes educators understand how African Americans cope with diabetes. Illness representations are influenced by culture. Race and ethnicity as a proxy for culture provides an incomplete understanding of the mechanism by which cultural values influence representations of diabetes.

Beyond glycoproteins as galectin counterreceptors: tumor-effector T cell growth control via ganglioside GM1 [corrected].

Glycoprotein glycan chains, by virtue of structure, topology of presentation and connection to signal-inducing units, are functional galectin counterreceptors. As example, cross-linking of the α(5)β(1) integrin by galectin-1 on carcinoma cells leads to G(1) arrest or anoikis. Contact-dependent switching from proliferation to differentiation in cultured neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) also utilizes galectin-1.

Ganglioside GM1 deficiency in effector T cells from NOD mice induces resistance to regulatory T-cell suppression.

Objective: To detect GM1 deficiency and determine its role in effector T cells (Teffs) from NOD mice in establishing resistance to regulatory T-cell (Treg) suppression.

Research Design And Methods: CD4(+) and CD8(+) Teffs were isolated from spleens of prediabetic NOD mice for comparison with similar cells from Balb/c, C57BL/6, and NOR mice. GM1 was quantified with thin-layer chromatography for total cellular GM1 and flow cytometry for cell-surface GM1.

The evaluation and management of childhood type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes in children is increasing in prevalence with obesity-associated insulin resistance being a major contributing factor. This report contains a comprehensive review of treatment paradigms regarding the management of diabetes in children. The information provided was collected from an extensive literature review on type 2 diabetes, and children and/or adolescents with diabetes and/or obesity treatment.

Almond consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in adults with prediabetes.

Objective: The authors tested the hypothesis that in adults with prediabetes, an almond-enriched American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet improves measures of insulin sensitivity and other cardiovascular risk factors compared with an ADA nut-free diet.

Design: Randomized parallel-group trial.

Setting: Outpatient dietary counseling and blood analysis.

Perceived risk of amputation, emotions, and foot self-care among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of having a family member who experienced an amputation on one's own perceived risk and fear of experiencing a diabetes-related amputation.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using paper-and-pencil surveys by mail. Adults with type 2 diabetes and a family history of diabetes attending a self-management education program in the Metropolitan New York/New Jersey area were recruited.

Regulation of type 1 diabetes, tuberculosis, and asthma by parasites.

Helminth infection is a worldwide health problem. In addition to directly causing disease, helminthic infection also affects the incidence and progression of other diseases by exerting immune modulatory effects. In animal models, infection with helminthic parasites can prevent autoimmune diseases and allergic inflammatory diseases, but worsens protective immunity to certain infectious pathogens.

Helminth infection can reduce insulitis and type 1 diabetes through CD25- and IL-10-independent mechanisms.

Parasitic helminth infection has been shown to modulate pathological inflammatory responses in allergy and autoimmune disease. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of infection with a helminth parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this protection. H.

Adenosine receptor activation ameliorates type 1 diabetes.

Growing evidence indicates that adenosine receptors could be promising therapeutic targets in autoimmune diseases. Here we studied the role of adenosine receptors in controlling the course of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes in CD-1 mice was induced by multiple-low-dose-streptozotocin (MLDS) treatment and in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice by cyclophosphamide injection.

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 inhibits T-cell infiltration and preserves pancreatic beta-cell function in an in vitro type 1 diabetes mellitus model.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from autoreactive T-cells that attack and destroy insulin producing pancreatic beta-cells. This knowledge has provided a framework for numerous efforts to prevent or mitigate T1DM at various stages of the disease. In this study, we utilized an organ culture model of type 1 diabetes to determine whether tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) could block T-cell migration into the pancreas and ultimately preserve beta-cell function.