Hyperpigmentation of the distal phalanx in healthy Caucasian neonates.

Transient alterations in pigmentation are frequently observed in black neonates, but to our knowledge, have not previously been reported in Caucasian infants. In 54 Caucasian newborns, we found at least mild periungual hyperpigmentation similar to the variation in coloration in the periungual region of many black newborns. This pigmentation should be added to the transient benign dermatoses of Caucasian infants.

[Utilization of an equimolar mixture of oxygen-nitrous oxide in a general pediatric ward].

Unlabelled: We report our experience of the utilization of the 50% oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture (nitrous oxide 50%) in our general pediatric ward after one year of use.

Patients And Methods: Between 1st April 1997 and 31st March 1998, children who had to undergo a painful procedure were proposed to inhale 50% nitrous oxide before the procedure. We evaluate pain, restlessness and adverse effects.

[Lethargy in the course of treatment with ranitidine in a newborn infant].

The neuropsychiatric complications of histamine H2 receptor antagonists are poorly described in children. In this case report, lethargy occurred in a neonate treated with ranitidine. We urge caution when a histamine H2 receptor antagonist needs to be prescribed in such cases.

Disposition of monodesethylamodiaquine after a single oral dose of amodiaquine and three regimens for prophylaxis against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.

The disposition of monodesethylamodiaquine was studied in four healthy subjects after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg amodiaquine base. Amodiaquine was not found in any sample, but the major metabolite monodesethylamodiaquine was detected and was assumed to be the sole derivative that contributed significantly to antimalarial activity in the blood. The best fit for the decay of the metabolite was obtained with a three-compartment model.

[Pharmacokinetics of antimalarials: quinine and mefloquine, halofantrine, qinghaosu, amino-4-quinolines].

The development of new sensitive and specific assays (HPLC) have enabled the pharmacokinetics of antimalarial drugs to be studied. Parameters such as half-life distribution volume, clearance and bioavailability, are defined. In healthy subjects, quinine is rapidly eliminated (t1/2 beta: 6-12 h).

Simultaneous determination of chloroquine, amodiaquine and their metabolites in human plasma, red blood cells, whole blood and urine by column liquid chromatography.

A column liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of chloroquine, amodiaquine and their monodesethyl metabolite in human plasma, red blood cells, whole blood and urine is described. The drugs and internal standard were extracted as bases with methylene dichloride and then re-extracted into an acid aqueous phase. Separation was obtained using a reversed-phase column and a mobile phase of phosphate buffer (pH 3.

Chloroquine uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes during in vitro culture and its relationship to chloroquine resistance.

Chloroquine uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes (RBC) was studied in vitro before and during culture by measuring the chloroquine gradient between the cells and medium (C/M) by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The C/M values were 5.9 +/- 2.

[Biotransformation of amiodaquine and prophylaxis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria].

The authors have devised a specific HPLC method for amodiaquine assay which demonstrated that the drug disappeared rapidly from the blood of subjects under prophylaxis for malaria (10 mg/kg/week in a single oral dose). The main metabolite was identified as the monodesethyl derivative which is the only active form of the drug. The low erythrocytic levels of the metabolite, observed at day +7, might account for the failure in the prophylaxis of P.

[Pharmacokinetics of amodiaquine and prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria].

Amodiaquine might appear as an alternative in prophylaxis of chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum malaria. In an attempt to explain the discrepancy between its in vivo-in vitro activity, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted in healthy subjects with HPLC assays.

[Distribution of chloroquine and desethylchloroquine in blood, plasma and erythrocytes of healthy subjects and malaria patients. Assay using HPLC].

Chloroquine (Cq) and desethyl-chloroquine ( CqM ) levels were measured by HPLC in the blood, plasma, and erythrocytes of 9 healthy subjects under standard prophylactic treatment (100 mg/day for 10 days) and 8 malarial patients given a therapeutic regimen (10 or 25 mg/kg). Chloroquine levels in various fractions of the healthy subjects were as follows: whole blood: 1 265 +/- 598 nmol/l; plasma: 145 +/- 63 nmol/l of whole blood; erythrocytes: 827 +/- 460 nmol/l of whole blood. The CqM /Cq ratio in malarial patients varied from 0.

[Relations between acid-base equilibrium and body temperature. Physiological concepts and practical applications].

In 1975 H. Rahn put forward a new concept of hydrogen ions regulation which explains acid-base regulation in relation to body temperature and applies to all animal species. At the root of this concept is the finding that maintenance of intracellular neutrality is governed by water dissociation and regulated by imidazole-rich protein buffers.

Respiratory effects of normobaric oxygen toxicity in awake guinea-pig.

We studied the time course of the respiratory events in awake guinea-pigs catheterized with a chronic arterial cannula, exposed to 100% O2 during 48 hr and after air return breathing. 2. The oxygen toxicity has a pulmonary and respiratory expression: clinical, histological and biochemical data show that death is related to the asphyxia generated by acute pulmonary edema.

Arterial blood gases and acid-base status in awake rats.

Arterial blood gases and acid-base balance were measured in adult rats using a cannula implanted in the aortic arch. These measurements were performed both in awake, unrestrained animals and in animals submitted to various circumstances i.e.