Value of Mammography for Women 30-39 Years Old Presenting With Breast Symptoms.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the performance and added value of bilateral mammography in identifying cancers distant from sites of presenting breast symptoms in women 30-39 years old.

Materials And Methods: A search identified consecutively registered women 30-39 years old who underwent mammography and ultrasound to evaluate focal breast symptoms between June 2006 and August 2016. Outcomes were determined by imaging and pathologic analysis through linkage with a tumor registry.

Lethal exposure: An integrated approach to pathogen transmission via environmental reservoirs.

To mitigate the effects of zoonotic diseases on human and animal populations, it is critical to understand what factors alter transmission dynamics. Here we assess the risk of exposure to lethal concentrations of the anthrax bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, for grazing animals in a natural system over time through different transmission mechanisms. We follow pathogen concentrations at anthrax carcass sites and waterholes for five years and estimate infection risk as a function of grass, soil or water intake, age of carcass sites, and the exposure required for a lethal infection.

Multiphase Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography Imaging Characteristics of Large (>5 cm) Focal Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the multiphase multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) imaging findings of large (>5 cm) focal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: Following review of the medical records of 321 patients with newly diagnosed HCC who underwent MDCT within the radiology database from January 2007 to November 2014, 27 patients (20 men and 7 women; mean age, 69 [SD, 10.1] years [range, 49-87 years]) with histologically confirmed HCC greater than 5 cm were included in this institutional review board-approved study.

MRI phenotype of breast cancer: Kinetic assessment for molecular subtypes.

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) kinetic characteristics of newly diagnosed breast cancer molecular subtypes.

Materials And Methods: Breast MRI examinations of 112 patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer were reviewed. Cases of newly diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma were sorted by molecular subtype (28 TN, 11 HER2 +, 73 Lum A/B) and MRI field strength, with lesion segmentation and kinetic analyses performed on a dedicated workstation.

Postoperative imaging of phalloplasties and their complications.

Objective: In this article, we summarize the common phalloplasty indications, surgical techniques, and relevant anatomy. We review the appropriate imaging techniques used in postoperative evaluation of the neophallus and illustrate the postoperative appearance and complications associated with phalloplasty.

Conclusion: Phalloplasty is an infrequently encountered yet complex procedure requiring careful postoperative imaging assessment.

Transient increases in albumin and hyaluronan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after quitting smoking: possible signs of reparative mechanisms.

Inhalation of tobacco smoke results in an accumulation of cells in the lower respiratory tract. The inflammatory response in the alveoli and lung interstitium may also be reflected by increased bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid concentrations of extracellular matrix components. The present study investigated the influence of smoking on the BAL fluid concentrations of albumin (ALB), hyaluronan (HA) and fibronectin (FN).

Stereoselective high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of (+/-)-delmopinol in plasma using solid-phase extraction, a chiral derivatizing agent and electrochemical detection.

An enantioselective HPLC bioanalytical method for (+/-)-delmopinol was established in order to elucidate the pharmacokinetic behaviour of this chiral drug. (+/-)-Delmopinol and (+/-)-M1652, a structurally related compound used as internal standard, were extracted from plasma by a solid-phase extraction procedure using CN cartridges. The enantiomers were derivatized with a chiral derivatizing agent (R,R)-O,O'-di-p-toluoyl tartaric acid anhydride yielding diastereomeric derivatives which were separated on a reversed-phase column with acetonitrile-0.

Long term effects of alumina on components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from rats.

Significant differences in several components of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) have previously been reported in aluminium potroom workers compared with controls. The present paper describes the long term effects in rats of one time exposure to potroom aluminium oxide without fluorides (primary alumina (PA)) or with adsorbed fluorides (secondary alumina (SA)) on components of BAL fluid. Alumina dust (40 mg) suspended in saline was instilled intratracheally; controls received saline.

Extracellular matrix components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in quartz exposed rats.

To investigate the long term effects of quartz, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and analysis of lung silica were performed in rats (n = 20) one, four, and 12 months after exposure to intratracheally instilled crystalline silica. Total and relative concentrations of silica in the lungs were highest one month after exposure. At this time BAL fluid concentrations of total cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes increased five to 10-fold compared with saline instilled controls (n = 19).

Bronchoalveolar lavage fibronectin in patients with sarcoidosis: correlation to hyaluronan and disease activity.

Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 51 patients with sarcoidosis and in 21 healthy nonsmokers. The concentration of fibronectin was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in lavage fluid from sarcoid patients (median 267 micrograms.

Determination of fibronectin and its degradation products in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

In order to estimate, in sarcoidosis, the extent of degradation and the availability of functionally active fibronectin (FN) in the alveolar space, native and total (= native + degraded) FN were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 28 non-smoking patients with sarcoidosis, 12 healthy non-smokers and 24 asymptomatic smokers. The FN was measured in unconcentrated BAL fluid in the presence of the protease inhibitor aprotinin: total FN was assayed by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) and native FN by a gelatin-antibody sandwich ELISA. Both in controls and in sarcoid patients, concentrations of native FN were lower than those of total FN, indicating that FN is degraded in the alveolar space.

Effects of an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, on alveolar macrophage function in smokers.

Selected functions of alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of 12 healthy smokers were examined before and after eight weeks' treatment with an inhaled glucocorticosteroid, budesonide (400 micrograms twice daily). After budesonide treatment spontaneous as well as opsonised zymosan triggered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion from harvested cells was reduced; no such reduction in opsonised zymosan triggered leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production was observed. Neither the capacity to phagocytose opsonised yeast particles nor the superoxide radical generation triggered by the calcium ionophore A23187, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or opsonised zymosan ex vivo were more than marginally affected by the glucocorticosteroid treatment in vivo.

Extracellular matrix components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis and their relationship to signs of alveolitis.

In lung sarcoidosis, the mutual relationships of three components of the extracellular matrix, fibronectin (FN), hyaluronan (HA), and type III procollagen peptide (PCP), were investigated in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Furthermore, their relation to signs of alveolitis and of fibrosis was examined. Sarcoidosis patients (n = 74) had significantly (p less than 0.

Characteristics of alveolar cells and soluble components in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from non-smoking aluminium potroom workers.

Aluminium potroom workers have been reported to develop severe pneumoconiosis and bronchial hyperreactivity. The influence of inhalation of aluminium oxide and fluorides on the alveolar milieu was studied by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 14 male non-smoking potroom workers; 28 non-smoking healthy volunteers served as controls. The total numbers, concentrations, and proportions of various alveolar cells did not differ between the groups.

99mTc-DTPA clearance measured by a dual head gamma camera in healthy subjects and patients with sarcoidosis. Studies of reproducibility and relation to bronchoalveolar lavage findings.

99mTc-DTPA clearance was studied in ten healthy non smokers, five asymptomatic smokers and nine non smoking patients with sarcoidosis in the supine position with a dual head gamma camera allowing simultaneous information of regional clearance rates in frontal and dorsal projections. In the patients with sarcoidosis, a bronchoalveolar lavage was performed prior to the clearance study. DTPA clearance rate was measured during 60-90 min and data were corrected for recirculating radioactivity.

100 cases of external cephalic version, with special reference to fetomaternal transfusion.

The incidence of fetomaternal transfusion (FMT) and localization of the placenta was studied in 100 attempted external versions (ECV). In only one case could a significant FMT be detected with the Kleihauer-Betke test. No major complications occurred.

Relationship between serum neopterin and lymphocytic alveolitis in sarcoidosis.

We have previously found elevated levels of serum (S-) neopterin in patients with active sarcoidosis. In the present study we therefore investigated the relationship between elevated S-neopterin and sarcoid alveolitis as reflected in bronchoalveolar (BAL) findings. Patients with elevated percentages of BAL-lymphocytes (n = 19) had significantly higher (p less than 0.

Exposure to microorganisms, airway inflammatory changes and immune reactions in asymptomatic dairy farmers. Bronchoalveolar lavage evidence of macrophage activation and permeability changes in the airways.

Lung function, bronchial reactivity, serum antibody levels, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the magnitude of exposure to airborne microorganisms during farm work were studied in 10 healthy farmers with no respiratory symptoms. Lung function and bronchial reactivity were not altered. An increase in the amount of antibodies against several microorganisms could be demonstrated but precipitating antibodies were observed only in two subjects.

Human alveolar macrophages from smokers have an impaired capacity to secrete LTB4 but not other chemotactic factors.

The function of alveolar macrophages (AM phi s) was studied in terms of the secretion of various chemotactic factors. Human AM phi s were obtained by BAL from healthy non-smokers and smokers. One of the chemotactic factors was LTB4, an arachidonic acid metabolite of the lipoxygenase pathway.

Hyaluronate in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis and its relationship to alveolar cell populations.

Hyaluronate is a potential marker of activated pulmonary fibroblasts and appears in increased amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with sarcoidosis. This study was performed to investigate a possible link between the local immune response and pulmonary fibroblast proliferation. The median hyaluronate concentration in the lavage fluid from 23 sarcoid patients was 12.

Subcellular localization of angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human alveolar macrophage.

The present investigation was performed in order to elucidate the subcellular localization of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human alveolar macrophages. A pure population of alveolar macrophages was obtained by centrifugal elutriation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from seven sarcoid patients. The cells were homogenized by sonication and the postnuclear supernatant was fractionated on a discontinuous sucrose gradient.

Relationship between changed alveolar-capillary permeability and angiotensin converting enzyme activity in serum in sarcoidosis.

The effect of altered alveolar-capillary permeability on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in serum (SACE) was studied in 45 patients with sarcoidosis and 21 healthy controls. In sarcoidosis increased albumin concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (L albumin) and increased ratios of L albumin to albumin in serum (S albumin) indicated an increased permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane. ACE activity in the lavage fluid (LACE) was correlated with the number of alveolar macrophages in controls, indicating that it may come from these cells.

Sarcoidosis in an apparently healthy volunteer.

As previously reported in this journal, alveolitis may occur in asymptomatic individuals exposed to antigens known as causative agents in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We found an alveolitis, probably of sarcoid origin, in an apparently healthy volunteer.