Extended High-Frequency Audiometry Using the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System Compared to Manual Audiometry in Children and Adolescents.

Objectives: Valid wireless automated Békésy-like audiometry (ABA) outside a sound booth that includes extended high frequencies (EHF) would increase access to monitoring programs for individuals at risk for hearing loss, particularly those at risk for ototoxicity. The purpose of the study was to compare thresholds obtained with (1) manual audiometry using an Interacoustics Equinox and modified Hughson-Westlake 5 dB threshold technique to automated audiometry using the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System (WAHTS) and a Békésy-like 2 dB threshold technique inside a sound booth, and (2) ABA measured in the sound booth to ABA measured outside the sound booth.

Design: Cross-sectional study including 28 typically developing children and adolescents (mean = 14.

Is use of ChatGPT cheating? Students of health professions perceptions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore student perceptions of generative AI use and cheating in health professions education. The authors sought to understand how students believe generative AI is acceptable to use in coursework.

Materials And Methods: Five faculty members surveyed students across health professions graduate programs using an updated, validated survey instrument.

Childhood Listening and Associated Cognitive Difficulties Persist Into Adolescence.

Objective: Listening difficulty (LiD) refers to the challenges individuals face when trying to hear and comprehend speech and other sounds. LiD can arise from various sources, such as hearing sensitivity, language comprehension, cognitive function, or auditory processing. Although some children with LiD have hearing loss, many have clinically normal audiometric thresholds.

Perceptions of Cheating Among Students of Health Professions.

For many decades, academic cheating has been prevalent across many institutions and majors. This problem has been exacerbated by new technology that has increased opportunities for students to access and use information dishonestly. There is fear amongst faculty that dishonesty in the academic world could negatively impact professionals in their future careers.

Clinical Response to Third-Line Angiotensin-II vs Epinephrine in Septic Shock: A Propensity-Matched Cohort Study.

Background: The appropriate third-line vasopressor in septic shock patients receiving norepinephrine and vasopressin is unknown. Angiotensin-II (AT-II) offers a unique mechanism of action to traditionally used vasopressors in septic shock.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of third-line AT-II to epinephrine in patients with septic shock.

Amplitude Modulation Perception and Cortical Evoked Potentials in Children With Listening Difficulties and Their Typically Developing Peers.

Purpose: Amplitude modulations (AMs) are important for speech intelligibility, and deficits in speech intelligibility are a leading source of impairment in childhood listening difficulties (LiD). The present study aimed to explore the relationships between AM perception and speech-in-noise (SiN) comprehension in children and to determine whether deficits in AM processing contribute to childhood LiD. Evoked responses were used to parse the neural origins of AM processing.

Amplitude modulation perception and cortical evoked potentials in children with listening difficulties and their typically-developing peers.

Purpose: Amplitude modulations (AM) are important for speech intelligibility, and deficits in speech intelligibility are a leading source of impairment in childhood listening difficulties (LiD). The present study aimed to explore the relationships between AM perception and speech-in-noise (SiN) comprehension in children and to determine whether deficits in AM processing contribute to childhood LiD. Evoked responses were used to parse the neural origin of AM processing.

Motif-dependent binding on the intervening domain regulates O-GlcNAc transferase.

The modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties is a highly dynamic process that spatiotemporally regulates nearly every important cellular program. Despite its significance, little is known about the substrate recognition and regulation modes of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the primary enzyme responsible for O-GlcNAc addition. In this study, we identified the intervening domain (Int-D), a poorly understood protein fold found only in metazoan OGTs, as a specific regulator of OGT protein-protein interactions and substrate modification.

Extended High-Frequency Audiometry using the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System Compared to Manual Audiometry in Children and Adolescents.

Objectives: Reliable wireless automated audiometry that includes extended high frequencies (EHF) outside a sound booth would increase access to monitoring programs for individuals at risk for hearing loss, particularly those at risk for ototoxicity. The purpose of the study was to compare thresholds obtained with 1) standard manual audiometry to automated thresholds measured with the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System (WAHTS) inside a sound booth, and 2) automated audiometry in the sound booth to automated audiometry outside the sound booth in an office environment.

Design: Cross-sectional, repeated measures study.

A novel binding site on the cryptic intervening domain is a motif-dependent regulator of O-GlcNAc transferase.

The modification of intracellular proteins with O-linked β- -acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties is a highly dynamic process that spatiotemporally regulates nearly every important cellular program. Despite its significance, little is known about the substrate recognition and regulation modes of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the primary enzyme responsible for O-GlcNAc addition. In this study, we have identified the intervening domain (Int-D), a poorly understood protein fold found only in metazoan OGTs, as a specific regulator of OGT protein-protein interactions and substrate modification.

Brainstem auditory physiology in children with listening difficulties.

Children who have listening difficulties (LiD) despite having normal audiometry are often diagnosed as having an auditory processing disorder. A lack of evidence regarding involvement of specific auditory mechanisms has limited development of effective treatments for these children. Here, we examined electrophysiologic evidence for brainstem pathway mechanisms in children with and without defined LiD.

Within- and across-frequency temporal processing and speech perception in cochlear implant users.

Objective: Cochlear implant (CI) recipient's speech perception performance is highly variable and is influenced by temporal processing abilities. Temporal processing is commonly assessed using a behavioral task that requires the participant to detect a silent gap with the pre- and post-gap stimuli of the same frequency (within-frequency gap detection) or of different frequencies (across-frequency gap detection). The purpose of the study was to evaluate behavioral and electrophysiological measures of within- and across-frequency temporal processing and their correlations with speech perception performance in CI users.

Pharmacokinetic modelling to predict risk of ototoxicity with intravenous tobramycin treatment in cystic fibrosis.

Introduction: Further optimization of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for aminoglycosides (AGs) is urgently needed, especially in special populations such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF), >50% of whom develop ototoxicity if treated with multiple courses of IV AGs. This study aimed to empirically test a pharmacokinetic (PK) model using Bayesian estimation of drug exposure in the deeper body tissues to determine feasibility for prediction of ototoxicity.

Materials And Methods: IV doses (n = 3645) of tobramycin and vancomycin were documented with precise timing from 38 patients with CF (aged 8-21 years), including total doses given and total exposure (cumulative AUC).

Impact of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Renal Function in Type 1 Cardiorenal Syndrome.

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) discontinuation during acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with increased mortality following hospitalization. Although the etiology of acute kidney injury (AKI) in type 1 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has been linked to renal venous congestion, ACE-I/ARB withdrawal (AW) theoretically promotes renal function recovery. ACE-I/ARBs are dose-reduced or withheld in approximately half of patients with CRS, but the subsequent impact on renal function remains largely uninvestigated.

Functional Impacts of Aminoglycoside Treatment on Speech Perception and Extended High-Frequency Hearing Loss in a Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Cohort.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to better understand the prevalence of ototoxicity-related hearing loss and its functional impact on communication in a pediatric and young adult cohort with cystic fibrosis (CF) and individuals without CF (controls). Method We did an observational, cross-sectional investigation of hearing function in children, teens, and young adults with CF ( = 57, = 15.0 years) who received intravenous aminoglycoside antibiotics and age- and gender-matched controls ( = 61, = 14.

Peripheral Auditory Involvement in Childhood Listening Difficulty.

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that undetected peripheral hearing impairment occurs in children with idiopathic listening difficulties (LiDs), as reported by caregivers using the Evaluation of Children"s Listening and Processing Skills (ECLiPS) validated questionnaire, compared with children with typically developed (TD) listening abilities.

Design: Children with LiD aged 6-14 years old (n = 60, mean age = 9.9 yr) and 54 typical age matched children were recruited from audiology clinical records and from IRB-approved advertisements at hospital locations and in the local and regional areas.

A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Attentive Music Listening on Cochlear Implant Users' Speech Perception, Quality of Life, and Behavioral and Objective Measures of Frequency Change Detection.

Introduction: Most cochlear implant (CI) users have difficulty in listening tasks that rely strongly on perception of frequency changes (e.g., speech perception in noise, musical melody perception, etc.

Molecular Interrogation to Crack the Case of O-GlcNAc.

The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, termed O-GlcNAcylation, is an essential and dynamic post-translational modification in cells. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) installs this modification on serine and threonine residues, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA) hydrolyzes it. O-GlcNAc modifications are found on thousands of intracellular proteins involved in diverse biological processes.

Extended high frequency hearing and speech perception implications in adults and children.

Extended high frequencies (EHF), above 8 kHz, represent a region of the human hearing spectrum that is generally ignored by clinicians and researchers alike. This article is a compilation of contributions that, together, make the case for an essential role of EHF in both normal hearing and auditory dysfunction. We start with the fundamentals of biological and acoustic determinism - humans have EHF hearing for a purpose, for example, the detection of prey, predators, and mates.

Influence of Land Cover and Soil Moisture based Brown Ocean Effect on an Extreme Rainfall Event from a Louisiana Gulf Coast Tropical System.

Extreme flooding over southern Louisiana in mid-August of 2016 resulted from an unusual tropical low that formed and intensified over land. We used numerical experiments to highlight the role of the 'Brown Ocean' effect (where saturated soils function similar to a warm ocean surface) on intensification and it's modulation by land cover change. A numerical modeling experiment that successfully captured the flood event (control) was modified to alter moisture availability by converting wetlands to open water, wet croplands, and dry croplands.

Using SHAPE-MaP to probe small molecule-RNA interactions.

RNA is a regulator and catalyst of many cellular processes. Efforts to therapeutically harness RNA began with the discovery of myriad coding and non-coding RNAs and their versatile modes of action. However, due to its dynamic structure and the polar and repetitive nature of its surface, RNA presents a challenging target for drug design.

Impact of Tinnitus on Military Service Members.

Objectives: The Noise Outcomes in Servicemembers Epidemiology (NOISE) Study is obtaining longitudinal data to evaluate the effects of noise and other exposures on auditory function in military personnel. A gap in the literature is the lack of studies concerning how active-duty Service members might be impacted by having tinnitus. The present study reports NOISE Study data that address this gap.

High frequency transient-evoked otoacoustic emission measurements using chirp and click stimuli.

Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) at high frequencies are a non-invasive physiological test of basilar membrane mechanics at the basal end, and have clinical potential to detect risk of hearing loss related to outer-hair-cell dysfunction. Using stimuli with constant incident pressure across frequency, TEOAEs were measured in experiment 1 at low frequencies (0.7-8 kHz) and high frequencies (7.