Stroma-specific gene expression signature identifies prostate cancer subtype with high recurrence risk.

Current prognostic tools cannot clearly distinguish indolent and aggressive prostate cancer (PC). We hypothesized that analyzing individual contributions of epithelial and stromal components in localized PC (LPC) could improve risk stratification, as stromal subtypes may have been overlooked due to the emphasis on malignant epithelial cells. Hence, we derived molecular subtypes of PC using gene expression analysis of LPC samples from prostatectomy patients (cohort 1, n = 127) and validated these subtypes in two independent prostatectomy cohorts (cohort 2, n = 406, cohort 3, n = 126).

Pt(II) Complexes with Tetradentate C^N*N^C Luminophores: From Supramolecular Interactions to Temperature-Sensing Materials with Memory and Optical Readouts.

A series of four regioisomeric Pt(II) complexes ( and ) bearing tetradentate luminophores as dianionic ligands were synthesized. Hence, both classes of cyclometallating chelators were decorated with three -hexyl ( = 6) or -dodecyl ( = 12) chains. The new compounds were unambiguously characterized by means of multiple NMR spectroscopies and mass spectrometry.

Unrecognized diversity and distribution of soil algae from Maritime Antarctica (Fildes Peninsula, King George Island).

Introduction: Eukaryotic algae in the top few centimeters of fellfield soils of ice-free Maritime Antarctica have many important effects on their habitat, such as being significant drivers of organic matter input into the soils and reducing the impact of wind erosion by soil aggregate formation. To better understand the diversity and distribution of Antarctic terrestrial algae, we performed a pilot study on the surface soils of , an ice-free plateau mountain crest of Fildes Peninsula, King George Island, being hardly influenced by the marine realm and anthropogenic disturbances. It is openly exposed to microbial colonization from outside Antarctica and connected to the much harsher and dryer ice-free zones of the continental Antarctic.

[Effect of Soil Contamination on the Reflective Properties of Reflective Groundcovers].

The objective of the present work was to study the effects of contamination on the reflective properties of groundcovers used for enhancing fruit colouration in the orchard. Contamination also affects longevity and possible sustainable re-use of materials. A white, woven textile (polypropylene Lumilys™) and silver aluminium foil were experimentally contaminated with soil, similar to the situation after an autumn storm in a fruit orchard.

Spatial localization during open-loop smooth pursuit.

Introduction: Numerous previous studies have shown that eye movements induce errors in the localization of briefly flashed stimuli. Remarkably, the error pattern is indicative of the underlying eye movement and the exact experimental condition. For smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) and the slow phase of the optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), perceived stimulus locations are shifted in the direction of the ongoing eye movement, with a hemifield asymmetry observed only during SPEM.

Tuning the Fluorescence in Dynamic Covalent Bonded Liquid Crystals.

A series of emissive liquid crystalline materials based on salicylidene derivatives is reported and investigated with respect to their thermoresponsive and mechanochromic properties. Single-crystal analysis and temperature-dependent powder X-ray diffraction measurements allowed us to correlate the intermolecular organization of the mesogens with thermoresponsive changes in the fluorescence behavior. As a proof-of-principle study, we employed the dynamics of the imine bond in transamination reactions for postsynthetic tuning of the fluorescence behavior as a further step toward the development of adaptive materials.

Manipulation of Liquid Crystalline Properties by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry─En Route to Adaptive Materials.

Dynamic covalent bonds bear great potential for the development of adaptive and self-healing materials. Herein, we introduce a versatile concept not only for the design of low-molecular-weight liquid crystals but also for their postsynthetic modification by using the dynamic covalent nature of imine bonds. The methodology allows systematic investigations of structure-property relationships as well as the manipulation of the materials' behavior (liquid crystallinity) and the introduction of additional properties (here, fluorescence) by a solvent-free method.

App-SpaM: phylogenetic placement of short reads without sequence alignment.

Motivation: Phylogenetic placement is the task of placing a query sequence of unknown taxonomic origin into a given phylogenetic tree of a set of reference sequences. A major field of application of such methods is, for example, the taxonomic identification of reads in metabarcoding or metagenomic studies. Several approaches to phylogenetic placement have been proposed in recent years.

Preanthesis changes in freeze resistance, relative water content, and ovary growth preempt bud phenology and signify dormancy release of sour cherry floral buds.

Growing degree hours (GDH) predicted floral bud development of 'Montmorency' sour cherry and explained changes in lethal temperatures (LT) that preempted any visible changes in bud phenology. The gradual warming during late winter and early spring promotes floral bud development and, concomitantly, the de-acclimation of Prunus sp. flowers.

Non-Destructive, Opto-Electronic Determination of the Freshness and Shrivel of Bell Pepper Fruits.

(1) The objective of the present study was to identify suitable parameters to determine the (degree of) freshness of Bell pepper fruit of three colors (yellow, red, and green) over a two-week period including the occurrence of shrivel using non-destructive real-time measurements (2) Materials and methods: Surface glossiness was measured non-destructively with a luster sensor type CZ-H72 (Keyence Co., Osaka, Japan), a colorimeter, a spectrometer and a profilometer type VR-5200 (Keyence) to obtain RGB images. (3) Results: During storage and shelf life, bell pepper fruit of initially 230-245 g lost 2.

Multicomponent Network Formation in Selective Layer of Composite Membrane for CO Separation.

As a promising material for CO/N separation, PolyActive can be used as a separation layer in thin-film composite membranes (TFCM). Prior studies focused on the modification of PolyActive using low-molecular-weight additives. In this study, the effect of chemical crosslinking of reactive end-groups containing additives, forming networks within selective layers of the TFCM, has been studied.

Carbon reduction strategies for regionally produced and consumed wine: From farm to fork.

I) BACKGROUND: Carbon footprint studies of locally produced and consumed wine are missing. II) PURPOSE(S): The objective of the present study was to identify management strategies and carbon reduction potentials for a sustainable wine production based on the carbon footprint and the water footprint of locally grown grapes and wine locally produced and consumed. III) METHODS: Two wineries (A and B) were investigated, both of which grow the same white (Riesling) and the same red grape (Pinot Noir/Spätburgunder) on the same rootstock in the Rhine river valley of Germany.

Publisher Correction: The Effects of Extreme Weather on Apple Quality.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The Effects of Extreme Weather on Apple Quality.

A large literature has documented the effects of weather on agricultural yields. However, weather not only impacts the quantity produced, but also the quality of the product. Due to data limitations, the quality effects have primarily been studied using lab experiments for specific attributes, and the financial implications for farmers of a quality effect are less clear.

Photo-switching and -cyclisation of hydrogen bonded liquid crystals based on resveratrol.

A series of hydrogen-bonded liquid crystals based on resveratrol and resveratrone is reported and investigated with respect to their photo-switchability (at 405 nm) and photo-cyclisation (at 300 nm).

Anthocyanin synthesis and light utilisation can be enhanced by reflective mulch - Visualisation of light penetration into a tree canopy.

With the increasing use of hailnets and decrease in light availability in the ripening period of apple fruit, insufficient light exposure often causes poor colouration viz anthocyanin synthesis on certain parts of the fruit and on certain fruit within the tree. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of improving anthocyanin synthesis, in terms of fruit colouration, the major incentive for a consumer. Therefore, the reflective ground cover Lumilys® was spread between 'Braeburn Mariri Red' apple rows under a crystalline hailnet seven weeks prior to harvest and colour measured on 240 attached apple fruit.

Non-invasive determination of surface features of banana during ripening.

Ripening of dessert banana () is associated with changes in colour (green to yellow starting from the cente), softening, and surface features. These have mostly been investigated using distinct technologies. Hence, here changes in surface features were examined with two novel, non-invasive techniques: a luster sensor and a 3D profilometer.

B Meson Anomalies in a Pati-Salam Model within the Randall-Sundrum Background.

Lepton number as a fourth color is the intriguing theoretical idea of the famous Pati-Salam (PS) model. While in conventional PS models, the symmetry breaking scale and the mass of the resulting vector leptoquark are stringently constrained by K_{L}→μe and K→πμe, the scale can be lowered to a few TeV by adding vectorlike fermions. Furthermore, in this case, the intriguing hints for lepton flavor universality violation in b→sμ^{+}μ^{-} and b→cτν processes can be addressed.

Changes in carbohydrate levels and relative water content (RWC) to distinguish dormancy phases in sweet cherry.

Perennial trees require chilling, i.e. a period of cold temperature in the winter, for flowering next spring; sweet cherry is particularly prone to lack of chilling.

Non-Destructive Sensor-Based Prediction of Maturity and Optimum Harvest Date of Sweet Cherry Fruit.

(1) Background: The aim of the study was to use innovative sensor technology for non-destructive determination and prediction of optimum harvest date (OHD), using sweet cherry as a model fruit, based on different ripening parameters. (2) Methods: Two cherry varieties in two growing systems viz. field and polytunnel in two years were employed.

Targeted forcing improves quality, nutritional and health value of sweet cherry fruit.

Background: Trade and consumers alike require premium-quality cherries with high nutritional and health values preferably of local origin. While early fruit imports cannot supply such fruit, a new technology of forcing cherry emerged for an early local supply by covering the crop in spring. In the apparent scarcity of data on the resulting fruit quality, fruit characteristics of forced cherries were compared with those without cover.

A collection of European sweet cherry phenology data for assessing climate change.

Professional and scientific networks built around the production of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) led to the collection of phenology data for a wide range of cultivars grown in experimental sites characterized by highly contrasted climatic conditions. We present a dataset of flowering and maturity dates, recorded each year for one tree when available, or the average of several trees for each cultivar, over a period of 37 years (1978-2015).

Non-Invasive Examination of Plant Surfaces by Opto-Electronic Means--Using Russet as a Prime Example.

(1) BACKGROUND: Many disorders and diseases of agricultural produce change the physical features of surfaces of plant organs; in terms of russet, e.g., of apple or pear, affected fruit peel becomes rough and brown in color, which is associated with changes in light reflection; (2) OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: The objective of the present project was an interdisciplinary approach between horticultural science and engineering to examine two new innovative technologies as to their suitability for the non-destructive determination of surfaces of plant organs, using russet as an example, and (a) an industrial luster sensor (type CZ-H72, Keyence, Japan) and (b) a new type of a three-dimensional (3D) color microscope (VHX 5000); (3) RESULTS: In the case of russet, i.

Universal Unitarity Triangle 2016 and the tension between [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in CMFV models.

Motivated by the recently improved results from the Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations on the hadronic matrix elements entering [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] mixing, we determine the universal unitarity triangle (UUT) in models with constrained minimal flavour violation (CMFV). Of particular importance are the very precise determinations of the ratio [Formula: see text] and of the angle [Formula: see text]. They follow in this framework from the experimental values of [Formula: see text] and of the CP-asymmetry [Formula: see text].