Gut microbiota carcinogen metabolism causes distal tissue tumours.

Exposure to environmental pollutants and human microbiome composition are important predisposition factors for tumour development. Similar to drug molecules, pollutants are typically metabolized in the body, which can change their carcinogenic potential and affect tissue distribution through altered toxicokinetics. Although recent studies demonstrated that human-associated microorganisms can chemically convert a wide range of xenobiotics and influence the profile and tissue exposure of resulting metabolites, the effect of microbial biotransformation on chemical-induced tumour development remains unclear.

Clinical Characteristics in the Longitudinal Follow-Up of APECED Syndrome in Southern Croatia-Case Series.

Background: Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare monogenetic autosomal recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the autoimmune regulator () gene characterized by complex phenotypic characteristics discovered over years of follow-up.

Methods: 7 patients were recruited in this case series in a period of the last 37 years from Southern Croatia. All patients were screened for R257X mutations.

Microbiota Alters Urinary Bladder Weight and Gene Expression.

We studied the effect of microbiota on the transcriptome and weight of the urinary bladder by comparing germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) housed mice. In total, 97 genes were differently expressed (fold change > ±2; false discovery rate (FDR) -value < 0.01) between the groups, including genes regulating circadian rhythm (Per1, Per2 and Per3), extracellular matrix (Spo1, Spon2), and neuromuscular synaptic transmission (Slc18a3, Slc5a7, Chrnb4, Chrna3, Snap25).

The urinary microbiome associated with bladder cancer.

Recent findings suggest that human microbiome can influence the development of cancer, but the role of microorganisms in bladder cancer pathogenesis has not been explored yet. The aim of this study was to characterize and compare the urinary microbiome of bladder cancer patients with those of healthy controls. Bacterial communities present in urine specimens collected from 12 male patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, and from 11 healthy, age-matched individuals were analysed using 16S sequencing.