Evaluation of systemic absorption and bronchodilator effect of glycopyrronium bromide delivered by nebulizer or a dry powder inhaler in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Effective bronchodilator therapy depends upon adequate drug deposition in the lung. COPD patients who are unable to administer medications efficiently with conventional inhalers may benefit from the use of a nebulizer device. The aim of this study was to evaluate the systemic bioavailability and bronchodilator response of glycopyrronium bromide (GLY) administered by a novel nebulizer (eFlow® closed system [CS] vibrating membrane nebulizer) or dry powder inhaler (DPI) in subjects with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Longitudinal Liquid Biopsy and Mathematical Modeling of Clonal Evolution Forecast Time to Treatment Failure in the PROSPECT-C Phase II Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial.

Sequential profiling of plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) holds immense promise for early detection of patient progression. However, how to exploit the predictive power of cfDNA as a liquid biopsy in the clinic remains unclear. RAS pathway aberrations can be tracked in cfDNA to monitor resistance to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

MIR21 Drives Resistance to Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition in Cholangiocarcinoma.

Background & Aims: Cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) are resistant to chemotherapy, so new therapeutic agents are needed. We performed a screen to identify small-molecule compounds that are active against CCAs. Levels of microRNA 21 (MIR21 or miRNA21) are increased in CCAs.