Narrative review of recent developments and the future of penicillin allergy de-labelling by non-allergists.

This article outlines recent developments in non-allergist delivered penicillin allergy de-labelling (PADL), discusses remaining controversies and uncertainties and explores the future for non-allergist delivered PADL. Recent developments include national guidelines for non-allergist delivered PADL and validation of penicillin allergy risk assessment tools. Controversies remain on which penicillin allergy features are low risk of genuine allergy.

Validity and Reliability of Wearable Technology Devices during Simulated Pickleball Game Play.

Pickleball is a popular sport. Also popular is wearable technology usage. Because the validity and reliability of wearable technology during pickleball is unknown, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the ability of common devices to return heart rate and estimated energy expenditure during pickleball activity.

Exercise, autoimmune diseases and T-regulatory cells.

Diverse forms of physical activities contribute to improvement of autoimmune diseases and may prevent disease burst. T regulatory cells (Tregs) maintain tolerance in autoimmune condition. Physical activity is one of the key factors causing enhancement of Tregs number and functions, keeping homeostatic state by its secrotome.

Electronic Cigarette Device and Liquid Characteristics: Comparison of Self-Reports to User-Provided Pictures.

Introduction:  Self-reports of electronic cigarette (ECIG) device and liquid characteristics are not always accurate or consistent with characteristics as measured by researchers. Two methods for measuring ECIG characteristics were compared: user self-reports and rater-coded pictures.

Methods:  Exclusive ECIG users ( = 321) reported on device (disposable, refillable, adjustable power, brand) and liquid (nicotine concentration, formulation, flavor) characteristics.

Helminth derivative tuftsin-phopshorylcholine to treat autoimmunity.

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) affect 5 to 10% of the population. There are more than ∼100 different autoimmune diseases. The AIDs are one of the top 10 causes of death in women under 65; 2nd highest cause of chronic illness; top cause of morbidity in women in the US.

Beyond lung cancer: air pollution and bladder, breast and prostate cancer incidence.

Background: The carcinogenicity of air pollution and its impact on the risk of lung cancer is well known; however, there are still knowledge gaps and mixed results for other sites of cancer.

Methods: The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution [fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] and cancer incidence.

The landscape of RNA-chromatin interaction reveals small non-coding RNAs as essential mediators of leukemia maintenance.

RNA constitutes a large fraction of chromatin. Spatial distribution and functional relevance of most of RNA-chromatin interactions remain unknown. We established a landscape analysis of RNA-chromatin interactions in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Pain, Fear, Anxiety, and Stress: Relations to the Endogenous Opioid System.

Pain, fear, stress, and anxiety are separate yet interrelated phenomena. Each of these concepts has an extensive individual body of research, with some more recent work focusing on points of conceptual overlap. The role of the endogenous opioid system in each of these phenomena is only beginning to be examined and understood.

Managing Fear Responses: A Qualitative Analysis of Pictorial Warning Labels Five Years Post-Plain Packaging.

Introduction: Although pictorial warning labels (PWLs) now dominate tobacco packages sold in many countries, few studies have probed how people who smoke respond to the threats presented several years post-plain packaging and larger PWLs. Understanding how people manage the fear and dissonance PWLs arouse, and the strategies they use to rationalize, diminish, and reject risk messages, could inform future PWL design.

Aims And Methods: We undertook 27 in-depth interviews with people aged 18 and over (16 female, 8 Māori, and 13 aged ≤35) who smoked roll-your-own tobacco and lived in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Emergent Management of Severe Hypothermia, Acidemia, and Coagulopathy in Operative Penetrating Ballistic Cranial Trauma.

Hypothermia in a trauma patient has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality and is more frequently seen in those sustaining traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Acidosis is an important consequence of hypothermia that leads to derangements across the spectrum of the coagulation cascade. Here, we present a case of a 31-year-old male presented after suffering a right parietal penetrating ballistic injury with an associated subdural hematoma and 7 mm midline shift requiring decompressive craniectomy and external ventricular drain (EVD) placement in the setting of severe hypothermia (28°C) and acidosis (pH 7.

The contradictive findings between ultrasound, hysteroscopy and cytokines in women with nonhormonal IUDs suffering from menorrhagia: a prospective study.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the correlation between bleeding irregularities and the accurate placement of the intrauterine device (IUD) device in the uterine cavity, determined through transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy. In addition, the study aims to examine the cytokine profile in the uterine cavity and serum of patients experiencing bleeding irregularities after the insertion of nonhormonal IUDs.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a single tertiary medical center, wherein patients experiencing intermenstrual bleeding and spotting after the insertion of nonhormonal IUDs were enrolled.

Factors associated with transitions in tobacco product use states among young adults aged 18-29 years.

Background And Objectives: This study examined young adults' tobacco use transitions based on their past 30-day use states, and identified factors associated with their transitions.

Methods: Participants (N = 12377) were young adults aged 18-29 years at Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Self-reported tobacco use states were categorized by the number of past-month use days (0, 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-30 days) for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes], traditional cigars, filtered cigars, cigarillos, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and hookah.

Successful xenotransplantation of testicular cells following fractionated chemotherapy of recipient birds.

An essential step in the success of germ cell transplantation is the preparation of the recipient's testicular environment to increase the availability of stem cell niches. However, most methods for this purpose in birds face serious limitations such as partial germ cell depletion, high toxicity and mortality, or the need to use expensive technologies. Here, we validated a simple and practical technique of transferring quail testicular cells into chicken testes depleted of endogenous spermatozoa by fractioned chemotherapy (20 mg/kg/week busulfan for 5 weeks).

Residential greenness and lower breast and prostate cancer incidence: Evidence from a retrospective cohort study of 977,644 participants from Israel.

Background: There is limited evidence on the associations between residential greenness and cancer incidence in longitudinal studies.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between weighted mean residential greenness exposure and cancer incidence.

Methods: This is a registry based retrospective cohort study of 977,644 participants.

Psychometric properties of measures for electronic cigarette dependence among former-smoking electronic cigarette users.

Background: Measures designed to assess electronic cigarette (ECIG) dependence are largely adapted from those developed for cigarette smoking, and have been evaluated mainly among dual ECIG-cigarette users. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of four dependence measures among former-smoking ECIG users.

Methods: Respondents (N = 187) were daily ECIG users who had formerly smoked cigarettes regularly.

The California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB).

Introduction: We are developing the California Cognitive Assessment Battery (CCAB) to provide neuropsychological assessments to patients who lack test access due to cost, capacity, mobility, and transportation barriers.

Methods: The CCAB consists of 15 non-verbal and 17 verbal subtests normed for telemedical assessment. The CCAB runs on calibrated tablet computers over cellular or Wi-Fi connections either in a laboratory or in participants' homes.