Skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end-products, glycemic memory, and diabetes complications.

Since the pionneer work of Meerwaldt and the Groningen team, who related skin autofluorescence (SAF) to the dermal concentrations of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), hundreds of articles have been devoted to its application in diabetes. Due to the slow turnover of the AGEs formed on collagen of the skin, the SAF can reflect the progressive accumulation of AGEs and hence be a marker of long-term glucose exposure. Accordingly, relations with HbA1c from the previous 3-10 years have been established in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and even in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Increased risk of renal events in people with diabetic foot disease: A longitudinal observational study.

Objective: Diabetic kidney disease favors diabetic foot ulcers, however we do not know whether the reverse relation exists. We investigated whether diabetic foot disease (DFD) related to an increased risk of developing renal events.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients hospitalized for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) between 2009 and 2017, stratified for the risk of diabetic foot ulcer grades 0 (no risk), 1 and 2 (at risk), and 3 (DFD) according to the International Work Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) classification.

Skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end-products relates to new cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal observational study.

Background: Cardiovascular disease is frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated the relationship between skin autofluorescence (SAF) of advanced glycation end-products and later cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with T2DM.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 504 patients hospitalized for uncontrolled and/or complicated T2DM between 2009 and 2017.

The skin autofluorescence may help to select patients with Type 2 diabetes candidates for screening to revascularization procedures.

Chen et al. recently related the skin autofluorescence (SAF) of Advanced Glycation End-products to subclinical cardiovascular disease in the 3001 participants from the general population (Rotterdam study), with a particularly close relationship for the 413 subjects with diabetes. Because conventional vascular risk factors do not capture the risk in diabetes very well, this relationship may help to select high-risk individuals for the screening of silent myocardial ischemia, which has yet to prove its benefit in randomized controlled trials.

Comment on Peker, T.; Boyraz, B. The Relationship between Resistant Hypertension and Advanced Glycation End-Product Levels Measured Using the Skin Autofluorescence Method: A Case-Control Study. 2023, , 6606.

We read with interest the recent article by Peker et al. [..

More new cancers in type 2 diabetes with diabetic foot disease: A longitudinal observational study.

Objective: Cancer has been proposed as the primary cause of death in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The life expectancy is reduced after a diabetic foot ulcer. We investigated whether Diabetic Foot Disease related to an increased risk of developing a new cancer.

The skin autofluorescence of advanced glycation end-products relates to the development of foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal observational study.

Objectives: The long-term glycemic memory contributes to vascular complications in type 2 diabetes, including those patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU). We investigated whether the skin autofluorescence (SAF) of Advanced Glycation End-products related to later DFUs.

Research Design & Methods: SAF was measured with an AGE-Reader in a retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized from 2009 to 2017 for Type 2 Diabetes.

Albuminuric diabetic kidney disease predicts foot ulcers in type 2 diabetes.

Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) are feared among individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), but it is unclear whether they are more frequent, especially in normoalbuminuric DKD. Five hundred and twenty patients admitted in our diabetology ward from 2007 to 2017 were followed up during 54 ± 26 months. New DFUs were registered, and their relationship with the initial renal status was analyzed by LogRank and multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Diabetic retinopathy relates to the incidence of foot ulcers and amputations in type 2 diabetes.

Aims: We investigated whether Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is related to Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) development, adjusted for the stratification of the International Work Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) guidance.

Materials And Methods: DR and IWGDF stratification was registered retrospectively in patients hospitalised from 2009 to 2017 for uncontrolled and/or complicated type 2 diabetes. New DFUs were registered until 2020.

For diabetic type 1 patients, the skin autofluorescence predicts ulcers and amputations.

We searched whether the accumulation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs), reflected by the skin autofluorescence (SAF), could predict diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) during the long-term follow-up of people with type 1 diabetes. During year 2009, we measured the SAF with an AGE-Reader in 206 subjects with type 1 diabetes. DFU and amputations were registered during the 10 following years.

Skin autofluorescence, a marker of glucose memory in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

Previous dramatic reduction of HbA1c and retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes.

Aims: Does Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) relate to a previous dramatic reduction of HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)?

Methods: In patients hospitalized for T2D, we collected HbA1c values from previous years, and we defined "Rapid declinors" by a more than -3% reduction between two consecutive HbA1c, and "sustained moderate declinors" by HbA1c declining less than -3%. We analyzed the relation between DR and previous HbA1c courses, adjusted for other risk factors.

Results: Our 680 patients had a mean HbA1c at 8.