Mapping the landscape of machine learning models used for predicting transfusions in surgical procedures: a scoping review.

Massive transfusion of blood products poses challenges in determining the need for transfusion and the appropriate volume of blood products. This review explores the use of machine learning (ML) models to predict transfusion risk during surgical procedure, focusing on the methodology, variables, and software employed to predict transfusion. This scoping review investigates the development and current state of machine learning models for predicting transfusion risk during surgical procedure, aiming to inform physicians about the field's progress and potential directions.

Prospective multi-center evaluation of the incidence of unplanned extubation and its outcomes in French intensive care units. The Safe-ICU study.

Background: We aimed to determine the epidemiology and outcomes of unplanned extubation (UE), both accidental and self-extubation, in ICU.

Methods: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in 47 French ICUs. The number of mechanical ventilation (MV) days, and planned and unplanned extubation were recorded in each center over a minimum period of three consecutive months to evaluate UE incidence.

Foliar spectra accurately distinguish most temperate tree species and show strong phylogenetic signal.

Premise: Spectroscopy is a powerful remote sensing tool for monitoring plant biodiversity over broad geographic areas. Increasing evidence suggests that foliar spectral reflectance can be used to identify trees at the species level. However, most studies have focused on only a limited number of species at a time, and few studies have explored the underlying phylogenetic structure of leaf spectra.

Biology and physiology of tendon healing.

Tendon disorders affect people of all ages, from elite and recreational athletes and workers to elderly patients. After an acute injury, 3 successive phases are described to achieve healing: an inflammatory phase followed by a proliferative phase, and finally by a remodeling phase. Despite this process, healed tendon fails to recover its original mechanical properties.

Phase composition of calcium phosphate materials affects bone formation by modulating osteoclastogenesis.

Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) seeded on calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics are extensively explored in bone tissue engineering and have recently shown effective clinical outcomes. In previous pre-clinical studies, hMSCs-CaP-mediated bone formation was preceded by osteoclastogenesis at the implantation site. The current study evaluates to what extent phase composition of CaPs affects the osteoclast response and ultimately influence bone formation.

Nonlinear dynamics of a single-gap terahertz split-ring resonator under electromagnetic radiation.

Research into metasurfaces is developing rapidly and is topical due to their importance and applications in various fields such as communications, cryptography, and sensing, to name a few. These materials are artificially engineered to manipulate/control electromagnetic (EM) waves, in order to present a particular functionality. In this regard, nonlinear metasurfaces may present particular functionalities that remain to be discovered.

Impact of increasing post-filter ionized calcium target on filter lifespan in renal replacement therapy with regional citrate anticoagulation: A before-and-after study.

Introduction: Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is the recommended method for anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). However, the optimal post-filter ionized calcium (iCa) target level remains unclear. This study aims to assess the effect of increasing the post-filter iCa target level from 0.

Osteoarthritic chondrocytes undergo a glycolysis-related metabolic switch upon exposure to IL-1b or TNF.

Background: Osteoarthritis is an age-related disease that currently faces a lack of symptomatic treatment. Inflammation, which is mainly sustained by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b, TNF, and IL-6, plays an important role in osteoarthritis progression. In this context, pro-inflammatory cytokines are widely used to mimic the inflammatory component of osteoarthritis in vitro.

New insights into inflammatory osteoclast precursors as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption. Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge. Both diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory environment.

Evolutionary history explains foliar spectral differences between arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species.

Leaf spectra are integrated foliar phenotypes that capture a range of traits and can provide insight into ecological processes. Leaf traits, and therefore leaf spectra, may reflect belowground processes such as mycorrhizal associations. However, evidence for the relationship between leaf traits and mycorrhizal association is mixed, and few studies account for shared evolutionary history.

Micromolding-based encapsulation of mesenchymal stromal cells in alginate for intraarticular injection in osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory joint disease that affects cartilage, subchondral bone, and joint tissues. Undifferentiated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are a promising therapeutic option for OA due to their ability to release anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, and pro-regenerative factors. They can be embedded in hydrogels to prevent their tissue engraftment and subsequent differentiation.

Predicting leaf traits across functional groups using reflectance spectroscopy.

Plant ecologists use functional traits to describe how plants respond to and influence their environment. Reflectance spectroscopy can provide rapid, non-destructive estimates of leaf traits, but it remains unclear whether general trait-spectra models can yield accurate estimates across functional groups and ecosystems. We measured leaf spectra and 22 structural and chemical traits for nearly 2000 samples from 103 species.

Personalized medicine targeting different ARDS phenotypes: The future of pharmacotherapy for ARDS?

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) still represents a major challenge with high mortality rates and altered quality of life. Many well-designed studies have failed to improve ARDS outcomes. Heterogeneity of etiologies, mechanisms of lung damage, different lung mechanics, and different treatment approaches may explain these failures.

COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome promotes a specific alternative macrophage polarization.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) alveolar environment induced a pro-repair anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization. However, patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ARDS frequently exhibit a huge lung inflammation and present pulmonary scars and fibrosis more frequently than patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS, suggesting that the COVID-19 ARDS alveolar environment may drive a more inflammatory or pro-fibrotic macrophage polarization. This study aimed to determine the effect of the COVID-19 ARDS alveolar environment on macrophage polarization.

Temporal deep learning framework for retinopathy prediction in patients with type 1 diabetes.

The adoption of electronic health records in hospitals has ensured the availability of large datasets that can be used to predict medical complications. The trajectories of patients in real-world settings are highly variable, making longitudinal data modeling challenging. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of deep learning models applied to time series; however, the application of these models to irregular medical time series (IMTS) remains limited.

IL-34 deficiency impairs FOXP3 Treg function in a model of autoimmune colitis and decreases immune tolerance homeostasis.

Background: Immune homeostasis requires fully functional Tregs with a stable phenotype to control autoimmunity. Although IL-34 is a cytokine first described as mainly involved in monocyte cell survival and differentiation, we recently described its expression by CD8 Tregs in a rat model of transplantation tolerance and by activated FOXP3 CD4 and CD8 Tregs in human healthy individuals. However, its role in autoimmunity and potential in human diseases remains to be determined.

Usefulness of circulating tumor DNA from cerebrospinal fluid in recurrent high-grade glioma.

Molecular documentation at relapse of high-grade glioma is an urgent need for patient care. A prospective pilot study was conducted to assess the rate of mutation detection using targeted deep sequencing on circulating tumor DNA from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after chemo-radiotherapy based treatment. Fifteen patients were included: 13 patients with glioblastoma, 1 patient with gliosarcoma and 1 patient with anaplastic astrocytoma.

Real-Time Megapixel Electro-Optical Imaging of THz Beams with Probe Power Normalization.

In this work, we present a simple method to improve the spatial uniformity of two-dimensional electro-optical imaging of terahertz (THz) beams. In this system, near-field THz images are captured by fully illuminating a sample using conventional optical microscope objectives. Unfortunately, due to the linear relationship between the optical probe power and the measured THz electric field, any spatial variation in probe intensity translates directly into a variation of the recorded THz electric field.

One-year patient outcomes based on lung morphology in acute respiratory distress syndrome: secondary analysis of LIVE trial.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has different phenotypes and distinct short-term outcomes. Patients with non-focal ARDS have a higher short-term mortality than focal ones. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the morphological phenotypes of ARDS on long-term outcomes.

Critical Care Nurses' Experiences of Caring for Patients With COVID-19: Results of a Thematic Analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged health care professionals, especially those working in intensive care units (ICUs).

Objectives: To explore critical care nurses' experiences with and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic during the early phases of the pandemic.

Methods: Data were from national surveys conducted during March and April 2020 to assess ICU providers' perceptions of the initial phases of the pandemic.

Binocular mirror-symmetric microsaccadic sampling enables hyperacute 3D vision.

SignificanceTo move efficiently, animals must continuously work out their x,y,z positions with respect to real-world objects, and many animals have a pair of eyes to achieve this. How photoreceptors actively sample the eyes' optical image disparity is not understood because this fundamental information-limiting step has not been investigated in vivo over the eyes' whole sampling matrix. This integrative multiscale study will advance our current understanding of stereopsis from static image disparity comparison to a morphodynamic active sampling theory.