Black bean ( L. cv. "Tolosa") polyphenolic composition through cooking and digestion.

In this study, five different black bean ( L. cv. Tolosa) populations cultivated in different geographical areas including Oiartzun, Andoain, Azkoitia, San Esteban and Amasa Villabona, were studied and their polyphenolic content was determined.

Study on the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of white-, yellow-, and black-corn (Zea mays L.) foodstuffs.

Background: Black corn possesses potent antioxidants, but these are mostly lost during processing. In this study we evaluated the antioxidant content of two different black ('Millo Corvo') corn-based products (i.e.

Varietal Effect on Composition and Digestibility of Seedless Table Grapes ( L.) under In Vitro Conditions.

Grapes are one of the richest sources of polyphenols in the Mediterranean diet and, therefore, a very good source of antioxidants in the human diet. For practical reasons, in recent years the market for seedless grape varieties has grown exponentially. These varieties are not well characterized yet, and therefore it is necessary to study the changes in composition that these new varieties bring in.

Adapting the coordination of eyes and head to differences in task and environment during fully-mobile visual exploration.

How are eyes and head adapted to meet the demands of visual exploration in different tasks and environments? In two studies, we measured the horizontal movements of the eyes (using mobile eye tracking in Studies 1 and 2) and the head (using inertial sensors in Study 2) while participants completed a walking task and a search and retrieval task in a large, outdoor environment. We found that the spread of visual exploration was greater while searching compared with walking, and this was primarily driven by increased movement of the head as opposed to the eyes. The contributions of the head to gaze shifts of different eccentricities was greater when searching compared to when walking.

Effect of Baking Temperature on the Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Black Corn L.) Bread.

Black corn is known for its health-promoting properties, which are due to its high content of bioactive phytonutrients. However, the high temperatures required during the processing of bakery products usually trigger thermal degradation, and therefore, the loss of all labile bioactive compounds. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of baking temperature on the phenolic content (i.

Effects of Green Banana Biomass () on Laboratory Parameters of Animal Models of Wistar Mice under Hyperlipidic Diet.

Aim: Analyze the effects of green banana biomass () on the biochemical parameters in Wistar male rats under standard and hyperlipidic diet.

Methods: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals CEUA - PUC-GO and consisted in the division of 32 rats in 4 differentiated groups according to their diet (standard - CT; standard with green banana biomass - CTBM; hyperlipidic - HL and hyperlipidic with green banana biomass - HLBM). Through 8 weeks animals were weighted and their glycemia were measured.

Enrichment of Olive Fruits in Antioxidant Content by Pre-Harvest Salicylic Acid Treatment.

We here study the effect of the pre-harvest application of salicylic acid at two different concentrations on the olive phenolic composition. Influence of the cultivar and harvesting day were considered. As a result, the total phenol content increased significantly, particularly when using 200 mg mL of salicylic acid.

Anti-hypertensive effect of hydrogen peroxide acting centrally.

Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of hydrogen peroxide (HO) or the increase of endogenous HO centrally produced by catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ) injected icv reduces the pressor responses to central angiotensin II (ANG II) in normotensive rats. In the present study, we investigated the changes in the arterial pressure and in the pressor responses to ANG II icv in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats treated with HO injected icv or ATZ injected icv or intravenously (iv). Adult male SHRs or Holtzman rats (n = 5-10/group) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the lateral ventricle were used.

Exogenous Salicylic Acid Improves Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity in Table Grapes.

Grapes contain high contents of phenolics, which are known to possess health promoting properties. Exogenous application of phytoregulators, mainly methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid, to grapevines to enhance phenolic content has been reported (Portu et al. Sci Hortic 240: 378-386, 2018; Ranjbaran et al.

Median preoptic nucleus excitatory neurotransmitters in the maintenance of hypertensive state.

The crucial role of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) in the maintenance of hydroelectrolytic balance and autonomic regulation have been highlighted. Recently, the participation of the MnPO in the control of sympathetic nerve activity was demonstrated in essential hypertension model. However, peculiarities on the neurochemical changes underlying the differential role of MnPO during hypertension remain to be clarified.

Assessment of micro-scale anaerobic digestion for management of urban organic waste: A case study in London, UK.

This paper describes the analysis of an AD plant that is novel in that it is located in an urban environment, built on a micro-scale, fed on food and catering waste, and operates as a purposeful system. The plant was built in 2013 and continues to operate to date, processing urban food waste and generating biogas for use in a community café. The plant was monitored for a period of 319days during 2014, during which the operational parameters, biological stability and energy requirements of the plant were assessed.

Effect of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatment on fatty acid composition and phenolic acid content in olive fruits during storage.

Background: The nutritional effects of both table olives and olive oil are attributed not only to their fatty acids but also to antioxidant phenolics such as phenolic acids. Delays in oil processing usually result in undesirable oxidation and hydrolysis processes leading to formation of free fatty acids. These alterations create the need to process oil immediately after olive harvest.

Overexpression of AT2R in the solitary-vagal complex improves baroreflex in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological effects of increased angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) expression in the solitary-vagal complex (nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus; NTS/DVM) on baroreflex function in non-anaesthetised normotensive (NT) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Ten week old NT Holtzman and SHR were microinjected with either an adeno-associated virus expressing AT2R (AAV2-CBA-AT2R) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (control; AAV2-CBA-eGFP) into the NTS/DVM. Baroreflex and telemetry recordings were performed on four experimental groups: 1) NTeGFP, 2) NTAT2R, 3) SHReGFP and 4) SHRAT2R (n=4-7/group).

Catecholaminergic neurons in the comissural region of the nucleus of the solitary tract modulate hyperosmolality-induced responses.

Noradrenergic A2 neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) have been suggested to contribute to body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lesions of A2 neurons of the commissural NTS (cNTS) on the c-Fos expression in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, arterial pressure, water intake, and urinary excretion in rats with plasma hyperosmolality produced by intragastric 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat). Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g) received an injection of anti-dopamine-β-hydroxylase-saporin (12.

Supercritical fluid extraction of grape seeds: extract chemical composition, antioxidant activity and inhibition of nitrite production in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells.

Grape by-products are a rich source of bioactive compounds having broad medicinal properties, but are usually wasted from juice/wine processing industries. The present study investigates the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for obtaining an extract rich in bioactive compounds. First, some variables involved in the extraction were applied.

Efferent pathways in sodium overload-induced renal vasodilation in rats.

Hypernatremia stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OT), but the physiological role of OT remains unclear. The present study sought to determine the involvement of OT and renal nerves in the renal responses to an intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline. Male Wistar rats (280-350 g) were anesthetized with sodium thiopental (40 mg.

Increased expression of angiotensin II type 2 receptors in the solitary-vagal complex blunts renovascular hypertension.

Angiotensin II increases and decreases arterial pressure by acting at angiotensin type 1 and type 2 receptors, respectively. Renovascular hypertensive rats exhibit a high level of activity of the peripheral and central renin-angiotensin system. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the effect of increasing the expression of angiotensin type 2 receptors in the solitary-vagal complex (nucleus of the solitary tract/dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus), a key brain stem region for cardiovascular regulation, on the development of renovascular hypertension.

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, flavanone 3β-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase enzyme activity by a new in vitro assay method in berry fruits.

An HPLC method for the determination of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, flavanone 3β-hydroxylase and flavonol synthase enzyme activity is proposed. This method is based on the determination of the compounds produced and consumed on the enzymatic reaction in just one chromatographic analysis. Optimisation of the method considered kinetic studies to establish the incubation time to perform the assay.

Lesion of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract/A2 noradrenergic neurons facilitates the activation of angiotensinergic mechanisms in response to hemorrhage.

In the present study, we investigated the effects of lesions of A2 neurons of the commissural nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) alone or combined with the blockade of angiotensinergic mechanisms on the recovery of arterial pressure (AP) to hemorrhage in conscious rats. Male Holtzman rats (280-320g) received an injection of anti-dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-saporin (12.6ng/60nl; cNTS/A2-lesion, n=28) or immunoglobulin G (IgG)-saporin (12.

Isolation of the four methyl jasmonate stereoisomers and their effects on selected chiral volatile compounds in red raspberries.

The four stereoisomers present in a commercial sample of methyl jasmonate (MJ) were isolated at semi-preparative scale by HPLC, using a permethylated β-cyclodextrin column. This allowed the baseline resolution and collection of both major (methyl jasmonates) and minor (epi-methyl jasmonates) stereoisomers. When 1.

Inhibitory mechanism of the nucleus of the solitary tract involved in the control of cardiovascular, dipsogenic, hormonal, and renal responses to hyperosmolality.

The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is the primary site of visceral afferents to the central nervous system. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lesions in the commissural portion of the NTS (commNTS) on the activity of vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, plasma vasopressin, arterial pressure, water intake, and sodium excretion in rats with plasma hyperosmolality produced by intragastric 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat). Male Holtzman rats with 15-20 days of sham or electrolytic lesion (1 mA; 10 s) of the commNTS were used.

A new approach based on off-line coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine acrylamide in coffee brew.

A new method based on off-line coupling of LC with GC in replacement of conventional sample preparation techniques is proposed to analyze acrylamide in coffee brews. The method involves the preseparation of the sample by LC, the collection of the selected fraction, its concentration under nitrogen, and subsequent analysis by GC coupled with MS. The composition of the LC mobile phase and the flow rate were studied to select those conditions that allowed separation of acrylamide without coeluting compounds.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the nucleus of solitary tract decreases blood pressure in SHRs.

Aims: The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an intracellular inhibitor of the central nervous system actions of angiotensin II on blood pressure. Considering that angiotensin II actions at the nucleus of the solitary tract are important for the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), we tested if increased MIF expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract of SHR alters the baseline high blood pressure in these rats.

Methods And Results: Eight-week-old SHRs or normotensive rats were microinjected with the vector AAV2-CBA-MIF into the nucleus of the solitary tract, resulting in MIF expression predominantly in neurons.

Evaluation of pesticide residue contents in fruit juice by solid-phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

A new method based on the use of SPME followed by the MDGC-MS analysis was developed to determine pesticides in fruit juice. Different pesticide mixture standards (i.e.

(+)-methyl jasmonate-induced bioformation of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in red raspberries.

The effect of postharvest treatment with enantiomers of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in conjunction with ethanol on bioformation of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in red raspberry was studied. For comparison, postharvest treatment with the commercial stereoisomeric mixture of MJ in conjunction with ethanol was simultaneously accomplished. The levels obtained were contrasted with those determined in untreated (control) samples.