Have the prevalence of eczema symptoms increased in the Mexican pediatric population? Prevalence and associated factors according to Global Asthma Network Phase I.

Background: In children, atopic dermatitis or eczema is the most common inflammatory disease of the skin. According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase IIIB in Mexico, 5.8% of children and 4.

Immunostimulants for preventing respiratory tract infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Childhood acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, so, immunostimulants have been used as a preventative measure. Despite this, there is no updated evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of immunostimulant drugs for this purpose. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness and safety of immunostimulants in preventing ARTIs in children based on the most recent scientific evidence.

Anaphylaxis to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in the Setting of a Nationwide Passive Epidemiological Surveillance Program.

Background: Information on anaphylaxis among recipients of vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains scarce.

Objective: To identify the observed incidence of anaphylaxis in recipients of different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Methods: A nationwide observational study among recipients of 61,414,803 doses of seven different anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, describing the incidence and characteristics of adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who developed anaphylaxis as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI) against SARS-CoV-2 vaccines between December 24, 2020, and October 15, 2021, in Mexico.

[Anaphylaxis caused by vaccines].

Even though the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a historical challenge, science has had an exponential development, and the current vaccination campaigns are proof of this. Unfortunately, along came misinformation and myths regarding their production and their adverse effects. For this reason, we have considered of utter importance to review anaphylaxis, one of the most feared vaccine adverse events.

Prevalence and risk factors associated with allergic rhinitis in Mexican school children: Global Asthma Network Phase I.

Background: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) showed a wide variability in prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis (AR) and rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC), in addition to other atopic diseases (Asher et al, 2006). The Global Asthma Network (GAN) has continued to study these conditions.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AR and ARC in children and adolescents in Mexico and to assess their association with different risk factors.

Global Asthma Network Phase I study in Mexico: prevalence of asthma symptoms, risk factors and altitude associations-a cross-sectional study.

Background: Global Asthma Network (GAN) was established in 2012 as a development to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood to improve asthma care globally.

Objective: To survey asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in primary and secondary school children and to investigate and evaluate its prevalence, severity, management and risk factors in Mexico.

Methods: GAN Phase I is a cross-sectional, multicentre survey carried out in 15 centres corresponding to 14 Mexican cities throughout 2016-2019 using the validated Spanish language version of the GAN Phase I questionnaires.

The burden of asthma in an inner-city area: A historical review 10 years after Isaac.

Background: According to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) methodology, in 2003, the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children 6-7 years old and adolescents 13-14 years old was 11.6% and 13.7%, respectively.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of OM-85 vs placebo in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children that attend day-care centers.

Background: Children that attend day-care centers frequently contract acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). ARTIs represent a burden for both children and parents. Systematic reviews on the use of immunostimulants for the prevention of juvenile recurrent ARTIs have provided moderate evidence of efficacy and safety.

Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation combined with lifestyle intervention on adipokines and biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.

Obesity in adolescents is considered a major public health problem; combined interventional approaches such as omega-3 supplementation with lifestyle intervention (LI) might exert synergistic effects and exceed the impact of each individual strategy. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate if the supplementation of omega-3 with LI could improve metabolic and endothelial abnormality in obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia. The study involved sixty-nine adolescents with normal weight and seventy obese adolescents with hypertriglyceridemia.

An admixture mapping meta-analysis implicates genetic variation at 18q21 with asthma susceptibility in Latinos.

Background: Asthma is a common but complex disease with racial/ethnic differences in prevalence, morbidity, and response to therapies.

Objective: We sought to perform an analysis of genetic ancestry to identify new loci that contribute to asthma susceptibility.

Methods: We leveraged the mixed ancestry of 3902 Latinos and performed an admixture mapping meta-analysis for asthma susceptibility.

Pediatric asthma treatment: What to do when international guideline recommendations do not agree.

Background: There was a need for a solid asthma guideline in Mexico to update and unify asthma management. Because high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, in which the latest evidence on asthma management is summarized, the ADAPTE approach allows for the development of a national asthma guideline based on evidence from already existing guidelines, adapted to national needs.

Objective: To fuse evidence from the best asthma guidelines and adapt it to local needs with the ADAPTE approach.

[Mexican Asthma Guidelines: GUIMA 2017].

Background: The need for a national guideline, with a broad basis among specialists and primary care physicians was felt in Mexico, to try unifying asthma management. As several high-quality asthma guidelines exist worldwide, it was decided to select the best three for transculturation.

Methods: Following the internationally recommended methodology for guideline transculturation, ADAPTE, a literature search for asthma guidelines, published 1-1-2007 through 31-12-2015 was conducted.

Abnormality of adipokines and endothelial dysfunction in Mexican obese adolescents with insulin resistance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship among insulin resistance (IR), endothelial dysfunction, and alteration of adipokines in Mexican obese adolescents and their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Materials And Methods: Two hundred and twenty-seven adolescents were classified according to the body mass index (BMI) (control: N=104; obese: N=123) and homeostasis model of the assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (obese with IR: N=65). The circulating concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and IR were determined by standard methods.

[Knowledge of asthma: educational intervention with the 2014 GINA guide in primary care physicians].

Background: Asthma is a public health problem in the world, so updating the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma is based primarily on the practice of primary care physicians. Educational interventions are useful for increasing knowledge.

Objective: To compare the level of knowledge of asthma before and after an educational intervention.

Adipokines, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, and pulmonary function in adolescents with asthma and obesity.

Objective: This study was to investigate whether the metabolic abnormalities of adipokines and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) associate with pulmonary function deficits in adolescents with obesity and asthma.

Methods: This study enrolled 28 obese adolescents with asthma, 46 obese adolescents without asthma, 58 normal-weight adolescents with asthma, and 63 healthy control subjects. Serum levels of leptin, high-molecule-weight (HMW) adiponectin, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), and pulmonary function were qualified.

[Radiographic changes in children with primary immunodeficiency].

Background: Although we have epidemiological information on primary immunodeficiencies (PID), the available information is meager in Mexico.

Objective: To provide epidemiological information on the delay in the diagnosis of PID and its correlation to chronic lung damage.

Material And Method: A retrospective, analytical study was done in patients 0-18 year old age diagnosed with PID for 11 years at the HIMFG (Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez).

[Antihistamines for the treatment of urticaria in Mexico].

There are four types of histamine receptors. Allergic symptoms, especially those in rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria, are mainly caused by activation of histamine receptor 1 (H1). Consequently, oral H1-antihistamines form and integral part of the treatment of these diseases.

[Nutritional implications of elimination diets].

Background: The backbone of food allergy treatment is the restriction of causative foods. These interventions have shown that children who restrict the consumption of basic foods have a higher risk of malnutrition. The aim of the study was to identify the nutritional status of patients with elimination diet, characterizing their anthropometric indexes and identifying the percentage of patients in the group with true food allergies.

[Food allergy diagnosis in patients with elimination diet history. Preliminary report].

Background: Food allergy diagnosis is performed by a double blind placebo controlled challenge; however, in a lot of patients, it is only based on clinical history, skin prick tests, or parents' perception. There is a high frequency of elimination diets without an adequate approach.

Objectives: To analyze the results of diagnostic tests in a group of children with elimination diet-based on suspected food allergy and verify such studies with double blind placebo-controlled test challenge.

[Frequency of allergy to cow's milk proteins and its association to other allergic diseases in patients of Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez].

Background: The cow's milk protein allergy is the most common food allergy among children under two years and is associated with other atopic diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate cow's milk protein allergy frequency in patients sensitized to them, attended at the consultation of Immunology and Allergy in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, and its association with other atopic diseases.

Material And Method: A cross-sectional, analytical and descriptive study that reviewed medical records of patients aged 0-19 years, attended at the consultation of Immunology and Allergy in the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, from January 2010 to January 2013, sensitized to the cow's milk protein by in vitro or in vivo studies, mediated or not by IgE, to determine its association with other atopic diseases during the course of their clinical evolution.

Effect of six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin and soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors in obese adolescents.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on adiponectin, resistin, and two soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor-α receptor (sTNFR) in obese adolescents. A total of 54 obese adolescents aged 10 to 16 years completed the program. Twenty-four adolescents with normal weight at baseline were used as a control group.

Lung function, airway inflammation, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in mexican schoolchildren: a pilot study.

Objective: To determine the association of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with lung function and pH of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in Mexican schoolchildren.

Methods: A pilot study was performed in a subsample of 64 schoolchildren from Mexico City. Lung function and pH of EBC were measured and metabolites of PAHs in urine samples were determined.

CHRM2 but not CHRM1 or CHRM3 polymorphisms are associated with asthma susceptibility in Mexican patients.

Asthma is a complex disease for which genetic predisposition has been widely documented. Considerable evidence supports the hypothesis that polymorphisms in the muscarinic-cholinergic (CHRM) genes could be involved in asthma pathogenesis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and mucus secretion. To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotypes in CHRM1, CHRM2, or CHRM3 are associated with asthma in Mexican pediatric population.

Changes in ghrelin and asymmetrical dimethylarginine in obese Mexican adolescents after six-month lifestyle intervention.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a six-month lifestyle intervention on ghrelin and asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in obese Mexican adolescents. A total of 65 obese Mexican adolescents aged 10-16 years completed a six-month lifestyle intervention. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and at six months.