A Highly Homogeneous Airborne Fungal Community around a Copper Open Pit Mine Reveals the Poor Contribution Made by the Local Aerosolization of Particles.

Fungi are ubiquitous and metabolically versatile. Their dispersion has important scientific, environmental, health, and economic implications. They can be dispersed through the air by the aerosolization of near surfaces or transported from distant sources.

Interspecies effectors of a transgenerational memory of bacterial infection in .

The inheritance of memory is an adaptive trait. Microbes challenge the immunity of organisms and trigger behavioral adaptations that can be inherited, but how bacteria produce inheritance of a trait is unknown. We use and its bacteria to study the transgenerational RNA dynamics of interspecies crosstalk leading to a heritable behavior.

Interspecies RNA Interactome of Pathogen and Host in a Heritable Defensive Strategy.

Communication with bacteria deeply impacts the life history traits of their hosts. Through specific molecules and metabolites, bacteria can promote short- and long-term phenotypic and behavioral changes in the nematode . The chronic exposure of to pathogens promotes the adaptive behavior in the host's progeny called pathogen-induced diapause formation (PIDF).

Inflammatory and neurodegeneration markers during asymptomatic HSV-1 reactivation.

Background: Currently, it is unclear whether asymptomatic recurrent reactivations of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) occur in the central nervous systems of infected people, and if these events could lead to a progressive deterioration of neuronal function. In this context, HSV-1 constitutes an important candidate to be included among the risk factors for the development of neuropathies associated with chronic neuroinflammation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess in vivo inflammatory and neurodegenerative markers in the brain during productive and latent HSV-1 infection using a mouse model of herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 induces simultaneous activation of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and expression of the endogenous ligand serum amyloid A in astrocytes.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the most common pathogenic cause of sporadic acute encephalitis and it produces latent persistent infection lifelong in infected individuals. Brain inflammation is associated with activation of glial cells, which can detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through a variety of pattern-recognition receptors (PRR), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In this study, we evaluated the expression and activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 in HSV-1-infected astrocyte and neuronal primary cultures.